FOREX Press I. J. of Electrical & Electronics Research
Support Open Access
  • Home/
  • IJEER-100462

Research Article |

Centralized Reactive Power Controller for Grid Stability and Voltage Control

Author(s): Manash Jyoti Baishya1, Satyajit Bhuyan2 and Kritanjali Das3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 10, Issue 4

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 20 December 2022

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 1146-1153

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.100462

Abstract

The integration of renewable energy sources like solar and wind energy into the transmission and distribution grid has increased gradually for quenching the increasing demand for alternative sources to fossil fuels. However, due to the intermittent nature of the renewable sources primarily solar and wind, the injection of the renewable power generation into the grid shall also be fluctuating which in turn will impact the voltage profile of the transmission and distribution grid. Also, in case of any major load disconnection or generator tripping in a weak grid, the voltage profile will be severely impacted in a weak grid. The aim is to control the sudden major voltage profile disturbance of a weak grid in case of variation of power injected into the weak grid from solar and wind energy and also due to sudden load tripping or generator tripping in the weak grid by controlling the reactive power in the weak grid. In this paper, a centralized reactive power controller has been proposed to control reactive power injection or absorption in the grid. By controlling the reactive power sources and sinks centrally via the centralized controller, any contingency can be met to prevent major disturbance of the voltage profile in the weak grid. This controller shall aim to control the connected reactive power sources & sinks based on the voltage profile of the transmission grid and it shall also engage the Line Commutated Converter (LCC) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Reactive Power Controller. Various cases have been analyzed in this paper for implementation of the centralized reactive power controller for voltage control in the transmission grid.

Keywords: Centralized Reactive Power Controller, Voltage Profile, Reactive Power, Weak Grid.




Manash Jyoti Baishya*, Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Assam Engineering College, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India; Email: manashjyotibaishya40@gmail.com

Satyajit Bhuyan, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Assam Engineering College, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India

Kritanjali Das, Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India

    [1] Ana Cabrera-Tobar, Eduard Bullich-Massagué, Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, “Active and Reactive Power Control of a PV Generator for Grid Code Compliance,”Energies 2019, 12, 3872; doi:10.3390/en12203872.[Cross Ref]
    [2] K. Dallmer-Zerbe, W. Biener and B. Wille-Haussmann, "Reactive Power Control in Low Voltage Distribution Grids: Comparison of Centralized and Decentralized Q(U)-controller Designs Based on Probabilistic," International ETG-Congress 2013; Symposium 1: Security in Critical Infrastructures Today, Berlin, Germany, 2013, pp. 1-6.[Cross Ref]
    [3] M. Hashemi and M.H.Zarif, “A novel two-stage distributed structure for reactive power control” in Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 23(1), pp. 168-188, 2020.[Cross Ref]
    [4] Seyed Mohsen Mohammadi-HosseininejadHassan Abniki,Seyed Masoud Tghvaei,“Reactive Power Compensation in Microgrids: A Centralized Stochastic Approach,”March 2018, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 28(4).[Cross Ref]
    [5] K. Das, C. K. Borah, S. Agarwal, P. Barman and S. Sharma, "Road Load Model Analysis for Eco-Routing Navigation Systems in Electric Vehicles," 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2019, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746679.[Cross Ref]
    [6] S. Impram, SV. Nese and B. Oral, “Challenges of renewable energy penetration on power system flexibility: A survey,” Energy Strategy Rev., vol.31, pp.100539, September 2020.[Cross Ref]
    [7] H. Alenius, R. Luhtala, T. Messo and T. Roinila, “Autonomous reactive power support for smart photovoltaic inverter based on real-time grid-impedance measurements of a weak grid,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol.182, pp.106207, May 2020.[Cross Ref]
    [8] M. Hashemi and M.H. Zarif, “A novel two-stage distributed structure for reactive power control,” Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J. vol. 23(1), pp.168-188, February 2020.[Cross Ref]
    [9] A. Rabiee, M. Vanouni and M. Parniani, “Optimal reactive power dispatch for improving voltage stability margin using a local voltage stability index,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol.59, pp.66-73, 2012.[Cross Ref]
    [10] D.Q. Zhou, Annakkage, U.D. Annakkage and A.D. Rajapakse, “Online monitoring of voltage stability margin using an artificial neural network,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol.25 (3), pp.1566-1574, 2010.[Cross Ref]
    [11] A. Karimi, M. Nayeripour and M.E. Hassanzadeh, “Novel distributed active and reactive power management approach for renewable energy resource and loads in distribution network,” Iran. J. Sci. and Technol. Trans. Elec. Eng., vol. 43(1), pp.439-459, 2019.[Cross Ref]
    [12] H. Mahmood, D. Michaelson and J. Jiang, "Accurate Reactive Power Sharing in an Islanded Microgrid Using Adaptive Virtual Impedances," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 30(3), pp. 1605-1617, March 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2314721.[Cross Ref]
    [13] K. Chandrasekaran, J. Selvaraj, C.R. Amaladoss and L. Veerapan, “Hybrid renewable energy based smart grid system for reactive power management and voltage profile enhancement using artificial neural network,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 43(19), pp.2419-2442, May 2021, doi:10.1080/15567036.2021.1902430.[Cross Ref]
    [14] Y. Wang, Y. Zhou, D. Li, D. Shao, K. Cao, K. Zhou and D. Cai, “The Influence of VSC–HVDC Reactive Power Control Mode on AC Power System Stability,” Energies, vol.13(7), pp.1677, April 2020.[Cross Ref]
    [15] D.G. Padhan and D.K. Kumar, “A Fuzzy Controlled LCC HVDC System with AC Voltage and Reactive Power Control,” in E3S Web of Conferences , Vol. 309, EDP Sciences, 2021.[Cross Ref]
    [16] A.Q. Almousawi and A.A. Aldair, “Control Strategy of Reactive Power Sharing in an Islanded Microgrids,” Iraq. J. for Elec. Electr. Engi, 3RD, June 2020.[Cross Ref]
    [17] K. Hashmi, R. Ali, M. Hanan, W. Aslam, A. Siddique and M. KHAN, “Reactive power sharing and voltage restoration in islanded AC microgrids,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, vol. 30(3), pp. 818-838, 2022.[Cross Ref]
    [18] E. Pathan, M.H. Khan, H. Arshad, M.K. Aslam, D. Jahangir, M. Asad and M.I. Rabani, “Virtual Impedance-based Decentralized Power Sharing Control of an Islanded AC Microgrid,” Eng. Technol App. Sci. Res., Vol.11(1), pp.6620-6625, 2021.[Cross Ref]
    [19] A. Khanjanzadeh, S. Soleymani and B. Mozafari, “A decentralized control strategy to bring back frequency and share reactive power in isolated microgrids with virtual power plant,” Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences, vol. 69(1), 2021.[Cross Ref]
    [20] F. Zarco-Soto, P.J. Zarco-Periñán and J.L. Martínez-Ramos, “Centralized Control of Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Renewable Energies”, Energies, vol. 14(14), p.4283, 2021.[Cross Ref]
    [21] H.S. Bidgoli and T. Van Cutsem, "Combined Local and Centralized Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 1374-1384, March 2018, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2716407.[Cross Ref]
    [22] H. Wang, M. Kraiczy, D. Mende, S. Stöcklein and M. Braun, “Application-Oriented Reactive Power Management in German Distribution Systems Using Decentralized Energy Resources,” Energies, vol. 14(16), p.4949, 2021.[Cross Ref]
    [23] D. Stanelytė and V. Radziukynas, “Analysis of voltage and reactive power algorithms in low voltage networks,” Energies, vol. 15(5), p.1843, 2022.[Cross Ref]
    [24] S. Rajyaguru and S.S. Kanojia, “Reactive power compensation for LV distribution network,” Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng.,vol. 8(6), pp.1734-1741, 2019.[Cross Ref]
    [25] H. M. Nguyen, J. L. R. Torres, A. Lekić and H. V. Pham, "MPC Based Centralized Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Active Distribution Networks," IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1537-1547, June 2021, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2021.3054844.[Cross Ref]
    [26] Ali, Syed Yasser, and K. Suneeta. “Simulation of the hysteresis voltage control technique in the pv based dynamic voltage restorer for power quality improvement with induction motor drive”; International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER) 5.1 (2015): 95-106.[Cross Ref]
    [27] Moger, Tukaram and Thukaram Dhadbanjan. "Reactive Power Loss Index for Identification of Weak Nodes and Reactive Compensation Analysis to Improve Steady State Voltage Stability." Novel Advancements in Electrical Power Planning and Performance, edited by Smita Shandilya, et al., IGI Global, 2020, pp. 177-237. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8551-0.ch007[Cross Ref]
    [28] Feng, F.; Fang, J. Weak Grid-Induced Stability Problems and Solutions of Distributed Static Compensators with Voltage Droop Support. Electronics 2022, 11, 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ electronics11091385[Cross Ref]
    [29] A. Khan, M. Easley, M. Hosseinzadehtaher, M. B. Shadmand, H. Abu-Rub and P. Fajri, "PLL-less Active and Reactive Power Controller for Grid-Following Inverter," 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2020, pp. 4322-4328, doi: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236408[Cross Ref]
    [30] F. Safdarian et al., "Reactive Power and Voltage Control Issues Associated with Large Penetration of Distributed Energy Resources in Power Systems," 2022 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PECI54197.2022.9744005.[Cross Ref]

Manash Jyoti Baishya, Satyajit Bhuyan and Kritanjali Das (2022), Centralized Reactive Power Controller for Grid Stability and Voltage Control. IJEER 10(4), 1146-1153. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.100462.