Abstract

Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular because they are cleaner-burning and more efficient than combustion-engine automobiles. Due to the diminishing availability of fossil fuels and the carbon emissions produced by cars, electric vehicles (EV) have become a need for mobility in the near future. Electric car charging stations were established as a consequence of the increase in EVs. Electric car charging lowers voltage and increases real power loss in the radial distribution network. In order to mitigate real power loss and provide a stable voltage profile, the charging station has to be placed as efficiently as possible. The current research examines and elucidates the influence of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) on the balanced radial distribution network (BRDN) using particle swarm optimization (PSO). There are two steps involved in the planning process. The optimal placement for EVCS [1] in BRDN is identified in the first stage using PSO. The second stage uses reconfiguration to ensure higher EVCS stability. This two-step technique's main goal is to decrease the real power loss due to the placement of charging stations in the radial distribution network (RDN). The correctness of the suggested approach is expounded upon in four different cases. The second, third, and fourth cases use a two-step procedure, which is then compared to the base case. In the base case EVCS is ideally located in BRDN using PSO. The fourth case employs a concurrent two-step optimization approach and demonstrates superior performance compared to other cases. The suggested approach is implemented and evaluated on the IEEE 69 bus BRDN using the MATLAB software.