Research Article |
Implementation of Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) 5G Communication System using Modified Least-Mean-Square (LMS) Adaptive Filters Algorithm
Author(s): Garima Kulshreshtha* and Usha Chauhan
Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER) Volume 12, Issue 3
Publisher : FOREX Publication
Published : 10 August 2024
e-ISSN : 2347-470X
Page(s) : 905-918
Abstract
The massive MIMO systems are the more popular field in the present era for the 5G wireless communication system. The MIMO system is a demanding research topic for the last four decades. This topic is under implementation and observation from the last few years. These systems have many advantages and many research sub-areas but this paper investigates the modified model of the massive MIMO receiver system. The traditional receiver system model of massive MIMO system reduces the channel noise using a linear filter in the receive combiner bank (RCB) but the proposed model removes the channel noise before the RCB using an adaptive filter bank (AFB). The AFB is the combination of LMS adaptive filters. The analysis parameters are channel noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit-error-rate (BER) using the hybrid precoder and combiner computation algorithms – Quantized Sparse Hybrid Beamforming (QSHB) and Hybrid Beamforming Peak Search (HBPS). Therefore, the proposed massive MIMO system model gives the less channel noise in the received signal, higher SNR and lower BER as compared to the traditional massive MIMO receiver systems.
Keywords: Massive MIMO
, LMS Adaptive Filters
, Channel Noise
, SNR
, BER
.
Garima Kulshreshtha*, School of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida (Gautam Buddh Nagar), India; Email: garima.kulshreshtha.gk@gmail.com
Usha Chauhan, School of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida (Gautam Buddh Nagar), India; Email: usha.chauhan@galgotiasuniversity.edu.in
-
[1] Khan, I., Singh, D.: Efficient compressive sensing based sparse channel estimation for 5G massive MIMO systems. AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun. 89, 181–190 (2018).
-
[2] Ni, W., Dong, X., Lu, W.S.: Near-Optimal Hybrid Processing for Massive MIMO Systems via Matrix Decomposition. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 65, 3922–3933 (2017).
-
[3] Larsson, E.G., Edfors, O., Tufvesson, F., Marzetta, T.L.: Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52, 186–195 (2014).
-
[4] Marzetta, T.L.: Massive MIMO: An introduction, (2015).
-
[5] Bayramoglu, M.F., Karjalainen, M., Juntti, M.: Mitigation of inter-symbol interference in single-carrier FDMA via group detection. In: 2013 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing, GlobalSIP 2013 - Proceedings. pp. 1218–1221 (2013).
-
[6] Wang, J.T.: MIMO system with receive combiner bank and power control for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 62, 3767–3773 (2013).
-
[7] Li, M., Wang, Z., Tian, X., Liu, Q.: Joint hybrid precoder and combiner design for multi-stream transmission in mmWave MIMO systems. IET Commun. 11, 2596–2604 (2017).
-
[8] Li, M., Liu, W., Tian, X., Wang, Z., Liu, Q.: Iterative hybrid precoder and combiner design for mmWave MIMO-OFDM systems. Wirel. Networks. 25, 4829–4837 (2019).
-
[9] Mendez-Rial, R., Rusu, C., Gonzalez-Prelcic, N., Heath, R.W.: Dictionary-free hybrid precoders and combiners for mmWave MIMO systems. In: IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, SPAWC. pp. 151–155. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2015).
-
[10] Vu, T.K., Liu, C.F., Bennis, M., Debbah, M., Latva-Aho, M., Hong, C.S.: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication in mmWave-Enabled Massive MIMO Networks. IEEE Commun. Lett. 21, 2041–2044 (2017).
-
[11] Hirayama, H., Matsui, G., Kikuma, N., Sakakibara, K.: Improvement of channel capacity of near-field MIMO. In: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. pp. 1–4 (2010).
-
[12] Zhang, R., Zou, W., Wang, Y., Cui, M.: Hybrid precoder and combiner design for single-user mmWave MIMO systems. IEEE Access. 7, 63818–63828 (2019).
-
[13] Elbir, A.M.: CNN-Based Precoder and Combiner Design in mmWave MIMO Systems. IEEE Commun. Lett. 23, 1240–1243 (2019).
-
[14] Singh, H., Kansal, L.: Performance Analysis of MIMO Spatial Multiplexing using different Antenna Configurations and Modulation Techniques in AWGN Channel. Glob. J. Res. Eng. (2014).
-
[15] Chen, C.E.: An iterative hybrid transceiver design algorithm for millimeter wave MIMO systems. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 4, 285–288 (2015).
-
[16] Lopez-Valcarce, R., Gonzalez-Prelcic, N., Rusu, C., Heath, R.W.: Hybrid precoders and combiners for mmwave MIMO systems with per-antenna power constraints. In: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2016 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2016).
-
[17] Wang, Z., Li, M., Liu, Q., Swindlehurst, A.L.: Hybrid Precoder and Combiner Design with Low-Resolution Phase Shifters in mmWave MIMO Systems. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. 12, 256–269 (2018).
-
[18] Ngo, H.Q., Larsson, E.G.: Blind estimation of effective downlink channel gains in massive MIMO. In: ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings. pp. 2919–2923. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2015).
-
[19] Li, G., Zhang, X., Yang, D.: Joint combiner and precoding in MU-MIMO downlink systems with limited feedback and user selection. In: 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, GC Wkshps 2011. pp. 750–754 (2011).
-
[20] Son, H., Kim, S., Lee, S.: Maximum SINR-Based Receive Combiner for Cognitive MU-MIMO Systems. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 64, 4344–4350 (2015).
-
[21] Moon, S.H., Jeong, J., Lee, H., Lee, I.: Enhanced groupwise detection with a new receive combiner for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 58, 2511–2515 (2010).
-
[22] Hassan, Y., Kuhn, M., Wittneben, A.: Group decoders for correlated massive MIMO systems: The use of random matrix theory. In: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2015).
-
[23] Wang, J.T.: Receive combiner bank for MIMO system under multi-user cochannel interference. IEEE Commun. Lett. 16, 328–330 (2012).
-
[24] Yokota, Y., Ochi, H.: An averaged-LLR Group Detection for higher order MIMO MLD. In: 14th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, ISCIT 2014. pp. 21–25. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (2015).
-
[25] Maza, B.P., Dahman, G., Kaddoum, G., Gagnon, F.: Average Vector-Symbol Error Rate Closed-Form Expression for ML Group Detection Receivers in Large MU-MIMO Channels with Transmit Correlation. IEEE Access. 8, 45653–45663 (2020).
-
[26] Prasanna Kumar, A.M., Ramesha, K.: Adaptive filter algorithms-based noise cancellation using neural network in mobile applications. In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. pp. 67–78 (2018).
-
[27] Rogers, S.: Adaptive filter theory. Pearson Higher Ed (2002).
-
[28] Maurya, A.K.: Cascade–Cascade Least Mean Square (LMS) Adaptive Noise Cancellation. Circuits, Syst. Signal Process. 37, 3785–3826 (2018).
-
[29] Saxena, G., Ganesan, S., Das, M.: Real time implementation of adaptive noise cancellation. In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, IEEE EIT 2008 Conference. pp. 431–436. IEEE (2008).
-
[30] Althahab, A.Q.J.: A new robust adaptive algorithm based adaptive filtering for noise cancellation. Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 94, 217–231 (2018).
-
[31] Sutha, P., Jayanthi, V.: Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction and Analysis Using Adaptive Noise Cancellation and Wavelet Transformation Techniques. J. Med. Syst. 42, 21 (2018).
-
[32] Widrow, B., Larimore, M.G., Johnson, C.R., Mccool, J.M.: Stationary and Nonstationary Learning Characteristics of the LMS Adaptive Filter. Proc. IEEE. 64, 1151–1162 (1976).
-
[33] Widrow, B., Williams, C.S., Glover, J.R., McCool, J.M., Hearn, R.H., Zeidler, J.R., Kaunitz, J., Dong, E., Goodlin, R.C.: Adaptive Noise Cancelling: Principles and Applications. Proc. IEEE. 63, 1692–1716 (1975).
-
[34] Bai, L., Yin, Q.: A modified NLMS algorithm for adaptive noise cancellation. In: ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings. pp. 3726–3729. IEEE (2010).
-
[35] Maurya, A.K., Agrawal, P., Dixit, S.: Modified Model and Algorithm of LMS Adaptive Filter for Noise Cancellation. Circuits, Syst. Signal Process. 38, 2351–2368 (2019).