Research Article |
Flexible and Wearable Antenna Design for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Application
Author(s): Gaurav Kumar Soni, Dinesh Yadav* and Ashok Kumar
Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER) Volume 12, Special Issue on BDF
Publisher : FOREX Publication
Published : 28 March 2024
e-ISSN : 2347-470X
Page(s) : 34-39
Abstract
The emergence of wearable technology has revolutionized the way we interact with electronic devices, integrating them into our daily routines. From fitness trackers, smart watches to augmented reality glasses and medical monitoring devices, wearable have become increasingly prevalent. Among the most commonly employed wireless technologies within wearables are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The design of efficient and reliable antennas for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi applications in wearable is of paramount importance to ensure optimal performance and user satisfaction. In this paper presented a flexible and wearable antenna design for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi application utilizing the Rogers RT5880 flexible substrate, characterized by a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 20mil. The study delves into various analyses of the antenna, including its performance concerning on-body and off-body communication, along with an exploration of the antenna's response to different bending effects. Moreover, the research investigates how the antenna interacts with a human tissue model, providing insights into its behavior and performance in diverse usage scenarios.
Keywords: Flexible
, Wearable
, On Body
, Off Body
, Wi-Fi
, Bluetooth
, SAR(1g)
, SAR(10g)
, Farfield Directivity
, Return Loss
, Human Body Tissue Model
.
Gaurav Kumar Soni, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; Email: gksoni2709@gmail.com
Dinesh Yadav*, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; Email: dinesh.yadav@jaipur.manipal.edu
Ashok Kumar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government Mahila Engineering College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India; Email: kumarashoksaini@gmail.com
-
[1] Pahlavan, K., Krishnamurthy, P. 2021 Evolution and Impact of Wi-Fi Technology and Applications: A Historical Perspective. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks volume 28, 3–19.
-
[2] Jaume Anguera, Aurora Andújar, Minh-Chau Huynh, Charlie Orlenius, Cristina Picher, and Carles Puente. 2013 Advances in Antenna Technology for Wireless Handheld Devices. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 1-25.
-
[3] G. K. Soni, D. Yadav, A. Kumar and L. Sharma. 2023 Flexible Antenna Design for Wearable IoT Devices. IEEE 2023 3rd International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS), Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 863-867.
-
[4] Dingliang Wen, Yang Hao, Hanyang Wang and Hai Zhou. 2017 A wearable antenna design using a high impedance surface for all-metal smartwatch applications," IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT), 274-276.
-
[5] N. Das, M. S. Mia, M. T. Islam, A. Mostafa, K. Dhar and R. Azim. 2023 A Dual-band MIMO Antenna for 5G sub-6 GHz/WiFi/WiMAX/WLAN/Bluetooth/C-band Applications. IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 1-6.
-
[6] H. -W. Lo, E. S. Li, Y. -Y. Lin, R. Lu and K. -S. Chin. 2019 Dual-Wideband Patch-Slot Loop Textile Antenna for WBAN/WiFi/LTE Applications. IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Antennas, Communications and Electronic Systems (COMCAS), 1-4.
-
[7] M. Mantash, S. Collardey, A. -C. Tarot and A. Presse. 2013 Dual-band WiFi and 4G LTE textile antenna. IEEE 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 422-425.
-
[8] G. Shankar, V. Gupta, G. K. Soni, B. B. Jain and P. K. Jangid. 2022 OTA for WLAN WiFi Application Using CMOS 90nm Technology. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, Vol. 10(1s), 230 –233.
-
[9] G. K Soni, D. Yadav and A. Kumar. 2024 Design consideration and recent developments in flexible, transparent and wearable antenna technology: A review. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunication Technologies , e4894, 1-28.
-
[10] M. Mantash, M. E. de Cos, A. -C. Tarot, S. Collardey, K. Mahdjoubi and F. Las-Heras 2012. Dual-band textile hexagonal artificial magnetic conductor for WiFi wearable applications. IEEE 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Prague, 1395-1398.
-
[11] R. Colella, L. Catarinucci and A. Michel. 2020 Circularly Polarized Antenna in 3D Printing Technology to Feed a Wearable Fully-Integrated WiFi-RFID Reader for Biomedical Applications. International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 1-4.
-
[12] U. Musa et al. 2023. Design and Analysis of a Compact Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications. IEEE Access, vol. 11, 30996-31009.
-
[13] U. Ali, S. Ullah, A. Basir, B. Kamal, L. Matekovits and H. Yoo. 2023 Design and SAR Analysis of AMC-Based Fabric Antenna for Body-Centric Communication. IEEE Access, vol. 11, 73894-73911.
-
[14] L. Zhou, S. Fang and X. Jia,. 2020 Dual-band and dual-polarised circular patchtextile antenna for on-/off-body WBAN applications. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 14, Issue. 7, 643-648.
-
[15] S. Bhattacharjee, S. Maity, S. R. B. Chaudhuri and M. Mitra. 2019 A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna for On-Body Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, no. 8, 5044-5053.
-
[16] A. Y. I. Ashyap, Z. Z. Abidin, S. H. Dahlan, H. A. Majid and F. C. Seman. 2018 A Compact Wearable Antenna Using EBG for Smart-Watch Applications. IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), 1477-1479.
-
[17] Z. H. Jiang, Z. Cui, T. Yue, Y. Zhu and D. H. Werner .2017 Compact, Highly Efficient, and Fully Flexible Circularly Polarized Antenna Enabled by Silver Nanowires for Wireless Body-Area Networks. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 11, no. 4, 920-932.