FOREX Press I. J. of Electrical & Electronics Research
Support Open Access
  • Home/
  • IJEER-130205

Research Article |

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Chaotic and Permutation Schemes for Image Transmission Based MC-CDMA

Author(s): Zainab N. Abdulhameed1, Haraa Raheem Hatem2*, Wurod Qasim Mohamed3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 13, Issue 2

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 30 May 2025

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 218-226

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.130205

Abstract

The demand for more reliable and efficient multimedia data transfer through wireless communications channels is escalating. However, multimedia data, such as images, suffers significantly from wireless channel effects, including interference, fading, and burst errors. The Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) technology is regarded as the most efficient method for data transfer across wireless networks, supporting multiple users simultaneously without requiring an expansion of the frequency band. This paper employs permutation and hybrid chaotic techniques to demonstrate image transmission performance over the MC-CDMA network. Based on Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) parameters, this paper analyzes, compares, and discusses the image transmission performance over the MC-CDMA network. Moreover, the hybrid chaotic and permutation techniques enhance the encryption degree of the image transmission. The performance outcomes demonstrate that the MC-CDMA image transceiver system based on a permutation scheme achieves more effective and better results in terms of BER, RMSE, and PSNR than the one based on a hybrid chaotic scheme over the Rayleigh channel. However, the BER performance is almost identical to that of increasing the number of users in the MC-CDMA model for both schemes.

Keywords: MC-CDMA, permutation, Henon map, logistic map, BER, PSNR.




Zainab N. Abdulhameed, University of Anbar; Email: zainab.abdulhameed@uoanbar.edu.iq

Haraa Raheem Hatem, University of Diyala; Email: haraa-altaie1980@yahoo.com

Wurod Qasim Mohamed, University of Diyala; Email: wurod@uodiyala.edu.iq

    [1] A. F. Al-Junaid and F. S. Al-Kamali, “Efficient wireless transmission scheme based on the recent DST-MC-CDMA,” Wirel. Networks, vol. 22, pp. 813–824, 2016.
    [2] J. Ahmad, M. A. Khan, F. Ahmed, and J. S. Khan, “A novel image encryption scheme based on orthogonal matrix, skew tent map, and XOR operation,” Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 3847–3857, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s00521-017-2970-3.
    [3] S. Jindal and D. Agarwal, “Performance evaluation of image transmission over MC-CDMA system using two interleaving schemes,” in 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), IEEE, 2014, pp. 1341–1347.
    [4] E. M. El-Bakary, E. S. Hassan, O. Zahran, S. A. El-Dolil, and F. E. A. El-Samie, “Efficient image transmission with multi-carrier CDMA,” Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 69, pp. 979–994, 2013.
    [5] M. S. MahmudulHaqueKafi and S. S. Islam, “Impact of MGSTC BLAST spatial multiplexing scheme on performance assessment of MCCDMA wireless communication system,” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 8–14, 2015.
    [6] M. S. Bendelhoum, A. Djebbari, I. Boukli-Hacene, and A. Taleb-Ahmed, “An Improved Downlink MC-CDMA System for Effcient Image Transmission,” J. Telecommun. Inf. Technol., no. 4, pp. 5–16, 2017.
    [7] M. Jangalwa and V. Tokekar, “Performance analysis of Selective Mapping and clipping based multicarrier-CDMA system with and without MIMO technique,” AEU-International J. Electron. Commun., vol. 101, pp. 62–68, 2019.
    [8] Y. Q. Shi, X. M. Zhang, Z.C. Ni and N. Ansari, “Interleaving for combating burst of errors,” IEEE circuits and systems magazine, vol.4, 2004.
    [9] X. Peng X. Peng, A. S. Madhukumar and F. Chin, “Performance studies of interleaving schemes for MC-CDMA systems,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, vol. 4, pp. 2081 2086, March, 2004.
    [10] W. Q. Mohamed, M. Al-Sultani, and H. R. Hatem, “New 2-D interleaving grouping LBC applied on image transmission,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 4241–4249, 2021.
    [11] P. Sathiyamurthi and S. Ramakrishnan, “Speech encryption algorithm using FFT and 3D-Lorenz–logistic chaotic map,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 79, no. 25–26, pp. 17817–17835, 2020.
    [12] H. Li, C. Yu, and X. Wang, “A novel 1D chaotic system for image encryption, authentication and compression in cloud,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 8721–8758, 2021.
    [13] R. Vidhya and M. Brindha, “A novel dynamic chaotic image encryption using butterfly network topology-based diffusion and decision-based permutation,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 79, pp. 30281–30310, 2020.
    [14] B. Zhang and L. Liu, “Chaos-based image encryption: Review, application, and challenges,” Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 2585, 2023.
    [15] A. M. Raheema, S. B. Sadkhan, and S. M. A. Sattar, “Design and implementation of speech encryption based on hybrid chaotic maps,” in 2018 International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications (IICETA), IEEE, 2018, pp. 112–117.
    [16] M. G. A. Malik, Z. Bashir, N. Iqbal, and M. A. Imtiaz, “Color image encryption algorithm based on hyper-chaos and DNA computing,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 88093–88107, 2020.
    [17] T. A. Santos, E. P. Magalhães, N. P. Basílio, E. G. Nepomuceno, T. I. Karimov, and D. N. Butusov, “Improving Chaotic Image Encryption Using Maps with Small Lyapunov Exponents,” in 2020 Moscow Workshop on Electronic and Networking Technologies (MWENT), IEEE, 2020, pp. 1–4.
    [18] H. R. Hatem, A. M. AHMED, and M. AL–SULTANI, “Improving Reliability, Capacity, And Security of Audio Transmission Based on Multiple Antennas Using Mgstc Technologies,” J. Eng. Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1247–1264, 2022.
    [19] M. Al-Sultani1, H. R. Hatem, W. Q. Mohamed, “Performance enhancement of audio transmission based on LMMSE method,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 21, No. 2, February, 2021, pp. 903-910.
    [20] R. I. Bendjillali, M. S. Bendelhoum, Elarbi Abderraouf, and Mohamed Rida Lahcene, “Improving performance of MC-CDMA systems using UTTCM channel coding,”journal of telecommunications and information technology, 2024, no.2, pp. 58–65.

Zainab N. Abdulhameed, Haraa Raheem Hatem, and Wurod Qasim Mohamed (2025), Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Chaotic and Permutation Schemes for Image Transmission Based MC-CDMA. IJEER 13(2), 218-226. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.130205.