FOREX Press I. J. of Electrical & Electronics Research
Support Open Access
  • Home/
  • IJEER-130214

Research Article |

Tunable Triple-Notched Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter for Efficient In-Band and Out-of-Band Interference Mitigation

Author(s): Richard Patience Shema1, Dominic B. O. Konditi2, Elijah Mwangi3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 13, Issue 2

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 20 June 2025

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 306-312

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.130214

Abstract

This study analyzes the growing need for effective in-band and out-of-band interference mitigation in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. We present a novel microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with changeable triple-notched bands that preserves a large passband and a higher stopband. The filter comprises a multimode resonator (MMR) architecture that incorporates a hollow T-shaped structure that generates two transmission zeros at the passband boundaries, thereby boosting selectivity. Furthermore, we deploy a circular complementary split-ring resonator (CCSRR)-based metamaterial to extend the upper stopband and implement a folded 王-shaped electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) architecture for dynamic notch frequency modulation. This design achieves sharp notches at 4.93 GHz, 6.32 GHz, and 9.81 GHz, efficiently minimizing the interference from WLAN and X-band satellite signals. The simulation results revealed a passband ranging from 3.06 to 10.79 GHz, with an insertion loss of less than 1.2 dB and a relative bandwidth of 112.85%. The filter exhibits significant selectivity, including a skirt factor of 0.91 and an upper stopband reaching 19.8 GHz with an insertion loss of 18 dB, rendering it suitable for UWB applications that require substantial interference rejection.

Keywords: Ultra-wideband (UWB),Triple Notched Bands, Bandpass Filter (BPF), Interference Mitigation, Metamaterial.




Richard Patience Shema, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) hosted within Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya ; Email: patience.richard@students.jkuat.ac.ke

Dominic B. O. Konditi, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya ; Email: dominic.konditi@tukenya.ac.ke

Elijah Mwangi3 , Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya ; Email: elijah.mwangi@uonbi.ac.ke

    [1] A. Alarifi et al., “Ultra wideband indoor positioning technologies: Analysis and recent advances,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1–36, 2016, doi: 10.3390/s16050707.
    [2] S. P.S., S. Vijay, and S. M, “Ultra-Wideband Technology: Standards, Characteristics, Applications,” Helix, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 59–65, 2020, doi: 10.29042/2020-10-4-59-65.
    [3] P. P. Shome, T. Khan, S. K. Koul, and Y. M. M. Antar, “Two Decades of UWB Filter Technology: Advances and Emerging Challenges in the Design of UWB Bandpass Filters,” IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 22, no. 8, 2021, doi: 10.1109/MMM.2021.3078040.
    [4] R. P. Verma, B. Sahu, and A. Gupta, “Four-Stages Stepped-Impedance Resonator based Ultra-wideband Bandpass Filter with Tunable Notches,” 2022 8th Int. Conf. Signal Process. Commun., pp. 121–124, 2022, doi: 10.1109/icsc56524.2022.10009503.
    [5] M. Y. Shavakand and J. Ahmadi-Shokouh, “Compact UWB filter with narrow notched band based on grounded circular patch resonator,” Int. J. Ultra Wideband Commun. Syst., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2019, doi: 10.1504/IJUWBCS.2019.101173.
    [6] H. Bohra, A. Ghosh, A. Bhaskar, and A. Sharma, “A miniaturized notched band microstrip wideband filter with hybrid defected ground structure technique,” Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Smart Syst. Inven. Technol. ICSSIT 2020, no. Icssit, pp. 745–750, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICSSIT48917.2020.9214245.
    [7] G. M. Yang, R. Jin, C. Vittoria, V. G. Harris, and N. X. Sun, “Small Ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with notched band,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 176–178, 2008, doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2008.916781.
    [8] Y. Song, G.-M. Yang, and W. Geyi, “Compact UWB band-pass filter with dual notched bands based on novel defected ground structures,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 230–232, 2014, doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2013.2296291.
    [9] F. Wei, L. Chen, Q. Y. Wu, X. W. Shi, and C. J. Gao, “Compact UWB bandpass filter with narrow notch-band and wide stop-band,” J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 911–920, 2010, doi: 10.1163/156939310791285155.
    [10] J. Liu, W. Ding, J. Chen, and A. Zhang, “New ultra-wideband filter with sharp notched band using defected ground structure,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett., vol. 83, no. April, pp. 99–105, 2019, doi: 10.2528/PIERL18111302.
    [11] M. Mirzaee and B. S. Virdee, “UWB bandpass filter with notch-band based on transversal signal-interaction concepts,” Electron. Lett., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 379–399, 2013, doi: 10.1049/el.2012.4203.
    [12] P. Chakraborty, P. P. Shome, J. R. Panda, and A. Deb, “Highly Selective UWB Bandpass Filter with Multi-Notch Characteristics Using Comb Shaped Resonator,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. M, vol. 108, no. November 2021, pp. 89–101, 2022, doi: 10.2528/PIERM21112601.
    [13] X. Zheng and T. Jiang, “Triple notches bandstop microstrip filter based on archimedean spiral electromagnetic bandgap structure,” Electron., vol. 8, no. 9, 2019, doi: 10.3390/electronics8090964.
    [14] G. Zhao, M. Li, R. Zhao, Z. Tu, Y. Yan, and X. Mo, “Highly Selective UWB Bandpass Filter with Dual Notch Bands Using Stub Loaded Multiple-mode Resonator,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. Symp., vol. 2021-Novem, pp. 1299–1309, 2021, doi: 10.1109/PIERS53385.2021.9695010.
    [15] P. Velez, J. Munoz-Enano, A. Ebrahimi, J. Scott, K. Ghorbani, and F. Martin, “Step impedance resonator (SIR) loaded with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR): Modeling, analysis and applications,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., vol. 2020-Augus, pp. 675–678, 2020, doi: 10.1109/IMS30576.2020.9223926.
    [16] A. M. Albishi, M. K. E. Badawe, V. Nayyeri, and O. M. Ramahi, “Enhancing the sensitivity of dielectric sensors with multiple coupled complementary split-ring resonators,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 4340–4347, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3002996.
    [17] R. Selvaraju, M. H. Jamaluddin, M. R. Kamarudin, J. Nasir, and M. H. Dahri, “Complementary split ring resonator for isolation enhancement in 5G communication antenna array,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. C, vol. 83, no. April, pp. 217–228, 2018, doi: 10.2528/pierc18011019.
    [18] F. Wei, W. T. Li, X. W. Shi, and Q. L. Huang, “Compact UWB bandpass filter with triple-notched bands using triple-mode stepped impedance resonator,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 512–514, 2012, doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2012.2215845.
    [19] A. Basit, M. I. Khattak, and M. Al-Hasan, “Design and Analysis of a Microstrip Planar UWB Bandpass Filter with Triple Notch Bands for WiMAX , WLAN, and X-Band Satellite Communication Systems,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. M, vol. 93, pp. 155–164, 2020, doi: 10.2528/PIERM20042602.
    [20] M. Sazid and N. S. Raghava, “Planar UWB-bandpass filter with multiple passband transmission zeros,” Int. J. Electron. Comminications, vol. 134, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153711.
    [21] A. N. Ghazali, M. Sazid, and S. Pal, “A miniaturized low-cost microstrip-to-coplanar waveguide transition-based ultra-wideband bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 3662–3667, 2020, doi: 10.1002/mop.32482.
    [22] P. Kumari, P. Sarkar, and R. Ghatak, “A multi-stub loaded compact UWB BPF with a broad notch band and extended stopband characteristics,” Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Eng., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1–8, 2020, doi: 10.1002/mmce.22138.
    [23] P. Chakraborty, J. R. Panda, A. Deb, S. Sahu, and J. S. Roy, “Design of a Miniaturized Split-Ring Resonator Based UWB Notched Bandpass Filter,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. C, vol. 134, no. June, pp. 27–38, 2023, doi: 10.2528/PIERC23050801.

Richard Patience Shema, Dominic B. O. Konditi and Elijah Mwangi (2025), Tunable Triple-Notched Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter for Efficient In-Band and Out-of-Band Interference Mitigation. IJEER 13(2), 306-312. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.130214.