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Research Article |

Frequency Regulation in an Autonomous Microgrid Using BES based Multistage PID Control Approach

Author(s): Anil Annamraju1, Ravi Kumar Avvari2, Nareddy Nageswara Reddy3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 13, Issue 3

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 30 August 2025

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 471-476

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.130311

Abstract

The variability in output power from renewable energy sources (RES), load and system disturbances in autonomous microgrid (MG) can lead to significant frequency deviations. Traditional PID controllers often struggle to perform adequately under these challenging conditions. To address these issues, this paper recommends a multistage PID (MSPID) controller designed explicitly for microgrid frequency management. The parameters of this controller are optimized using a Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm. The controller is rigorously tested on an autonomous hybrid microgrid, considering various parametric and systemic disturbances. The results demonstrate notable improvements in error reduction, settling time, and overshoot, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed controller compared to multilevel PID(MLPID) and traditional PID controllers found in existing literature.

Keywords: Frequency control, Multilevel PID, Multistage PID controller, Microgrid, Bald eagle search optimization.




Anil Annamraju, Department of EEE, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad 500090, India; Email: anilkumarannamraju@gmail.com

Ravi Kumar Avvari , Department of EEE, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad 500090, India; Email: avvari.ravi@gmail.com

Nareddy Nageswara Reddy, Department of EEE, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad 500090, India; Email: nageshreddy.nitt@gmail.com

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Anil Annamraju, Ravi Kumar Avvari, and Nareddy Nageswara Reddy (2025), Frequency Regulation in an Autonomous Microgrid Using BES based Multistage PID Control Approach. IJEER 13(3), 471-476. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.130311.