FOREX Press I. J. of Electrical & Electronics Research
Support Open Access
  • Home/
  • IJEER-130401

Case Study Research |

PRc-PID with Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm (TLBO) Based UPQC to Improve Power Quality in Standalone Microgrid

Author(s): P.B. Guru Prasanna1*, Neela Ramanathan2, and T. Chandra Shekar3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 13, Issue 4

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 30 November 2025

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 628-637

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.130401

Abstract

Isolated microgrids (MG) have become increasingly popular due to their enhanced adaptability in addressing customer needs, but pollution has also increased as a result. When integrating renewable energy sources with different loads, the MG will experience increased power quality (PQ) issues. Reducing MG's PQ problems is the main objective of this paper. PQ problems can be resolved with the help of the system's Unified PQ Conditioner (UPQC) device. UPQC performance is improved by integrating PRc-PID with a Teaching Learning Optimization Algorithm-based controller in series with a shunt active power filter to lessen current and voltage PQ issues. Solar cells and wind turbines are all proposed for a separate MG. To ensure the optimal supply to the converter, UPQC shunt and series regulators use an integrated proportional resonant cascaded proportional-integral-derivative (PRc-PID) controller. PQ issues like current and voltage are fixed by a control process to improve MG's steady and reliable operation. The Simulink platform is used to implement the proposed work. Three different scenarios are used to confirm the efficacy of the proposed method. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed method is 10.56%. Investigations are conducted into harmonics and other PQ issues, including swell and SAG.

Keywords: Power quality, Microgrid, PI controller, Unified Power Quality Conditioner, PRc-PID controller, Teaching Learning Optimization Algorithm, Active Power Filters.




P.B. Guru Prasanna, Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India; Email: guruprasanna.palaparthy23@gmail.com

Neela Ramanathan, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India; Email: neelaaueee@gmail.com

T. Chandra Shekar, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MVSR Engineering College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Email: Chandrashekar_eee@mvsrec.edu.in

    [1] Khosravi, Nima, Salwa Echalih, Rasoul Baghbanzadeh, Zineb Hekss, Rahman Hassani, and Mustapha Messaoudi. “Enhancement of power quality issues for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid based on optimization methods.” IET Renewable Power Generation 16, no. 8 (2022): 1773-1791.
    [2] Hirsch, Adam, Yael Parag, and Josep Guerrero. “Microgrids: A review of technologies, key drivers, and outstanding issues.” Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 90 (2018): 402-411.
    [3] Elmetwaly, Ahmed Hussain, Azza Ahmed ElDesouky, Ahmed I. Omar, and Mohammed Attya Saad. “Operation control, energy management, and power quality enhancement for a cluster of isolated microgrids.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13, no. 5 (2022): 101737.
    [4] Elmetwaly, Ahmed Hussain, Azza Ahmed Eldesouky, and Abdelhay Ahmed Sallam. “An adaptive D-FACTS for power quality enhancement in an isolated microgrid.” IEEE Access 8 (2020): 57923-57942.
    [5] Thomas, Dimitrios, Gaspard D’Hoop, Olivier Deblecker, Konstantinos N. Genikomsakis, and Christos S. Ioakimidis. “An integrated tool for optimal energy scheduling and power quality improvement of a microgrid under multiple demand response schemes.” Applied energy 260 (2020): 114314.
    [6] Hannan, M. A., Shun Y. Tan, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, Ker Pin Jern, and R. A. Begum. “Optimized controller for renewable energy sources integration into microgrid: Functions, constraints and suggestions.” Journal of Cleaner Production 256 (2020): 120419.
    [7] Lavanya, V., and N. Senthil Kumar. “A review: Control strategies for power quality improvement in microgrid.” Internation Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) 8, no. 1 (2018).
    [8] Jumani, Touqeer Ahmed, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, Madihah Md Rasid, Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, Mazhar Hussain Baloch, and Sani Salisu. “Optimal power flow controller for grid-connected microgrids using grasshopper optimization algorithm.” Electronics 8, no. 1 (2019): 111.
    [9] Behera, Sadasiva, and Nalin B. Dev Choudhury. “Modelling and simulations of modified slime mould algorithm based on fuzzy PID to design an optimal battery management system in microgrid.” Cleaner Energy Systems 3 (2022): 100029.
    [10] Mahdi, Dheyaa Ied, and Goksu Gorel. “Design and Control of Three-Phase Power System with Wind Power Using Unified Power Quality Conditioner.” Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 7074.
    [11] Rao, RVD Rama, and S. Pragaspathy. “Enhancement of electric power quality using UPQC with adaptive neural network model predictive control.” In 2022 International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS), pp. 233-238. IEEE, 2022.
    [12] Kumar, Ch Phani, S. Pragaspathy, V. Karthikeyan, and KNS Durga Prakash. “Power quality improvement for a hybrid renewable farm using UPQC.” In 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems (ICAIS), pp. 1483-1488. IEEE, 2021.
    [13] Iqbal, Ahsan, Asad Waqar, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Manoharan Premkumar, Toqeer Ahmed, Umashankar Subramaniam, and Saad Mekhilef. “Stability assessment and performance analysis of new controller for power quality conditioning in microgrids.” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 6 (2021): e12891.
    [14] Bakir, Hale, and Ahmet Afsin Kulaksiz. “Modelling and voltage control of the solar-wind hybrid micro-grid with optimized STATCOM using GA and BFA.” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 23, no. 3 (2020): 576-584.
    [15] Arulkumar, T., and N. Chandrasekaran. “Development of improved sparrow search-based PI controller for power quality enhancement using UPQC integrated with medical devices.” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 116 (2022): 105444.
    [16] Samal, Sarita, Prakash Kumar Hota, and Prasanta Kumar Barik. “Performance improvement of a distributed generation system using unified power quality conditioner.” Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy 5 (2020): 1-16.
    [17] Goud, B. Srikanth, B. Loveswara Rao, Aymen Flah, Mohit Bajaj, Naveen Kumar Sharma, and Ch Reddy. “Biogeography-Based Optimization for Power Quality Improvement in HRES System.” In Power Electronics and High Voltage in Smart Grid, pp. 309-316. Springer, Singapore, 2022.
    [18] Jumani, Touqeer Ahmed, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, Ali S. Alghamdi, Madihah Md Rasid, Arbab Alamgir, and Ahmed Bilal Awan. “Swarm intelligence-based optimization techniques for dynamic response and power quality enhancement of AC microgrids: A comprehensive review.” IEEE Access 8 (2020): 75986-76001.
    [19] Rajesh, P., Francis H. Shajin, and L. Umasankar. “A novel control scheme for PV/WT/FC/battery to power quality enhancement in micro grid system: a hybrid technique.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (2021): 1-17.
    [20] Nafeh, Abdelnasser A., Aya Heikal, Ragab A. El-Sehiemy, and Waleed AA Salem. “Intelligent fuzzy-based controllers for voltage stability enhancement of AC-DC micro-grid with D-STATCOM.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 61, no. 3 (2022): 2260-2293.

P.B. Guru Prasanna, Neela Ramanathan, T. Chandra Shekar (2025), PRc-PID with Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm (TLBO) Based UPQC to Improve Power Quality in Standalone Microgrid. IJEER 13(4), 628-637. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.130401.