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Research Article |

Improving Frequency Response in a Microgrid Integrated with PV-HESS Using an FOPI Controller Optimized by the Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm

Author(s): Thuy Duong Trinh1, Van Hoan Hoang2, Van Hung Nguyen3*, The Thang Mai4, and Trong Chuong Trinh5

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 13, Issue 4

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 30 December 2025

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 900-908

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.130430

Abstract

The application of modern controllers for frequency regulation in standalone microgrids has been increasingly proven feasible. Among these, the Fractional Order Proportional-Integral (FOPI) controller with adjustable parameters has attracted considerable attention. The effectiveness of the FOPI controller is highly dependent on the proper tuning of its parameters. This paper proposes the use of the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm to determine the optimal tuning parameters, with the objective of minimizing frequency oscillations. The simulation and performance evaluation are conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Additionally, comparisons are made with classical approaches including FOPI optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), standard FOPI, and conventional PI controllers, in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords: Frequency control, Microgrid (MG), PV, HESS, Fractional order PI (FOPI), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).




Thuy Duong Trinh, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam; Email: trinhduonglhp@gmail.com

Van Hoan Hoang, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam; Email: vanhoan2423@gmail.com

Van Hung Nguyen*, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam; Email: hung_nv@haui.edu.vn

The Thang Mai, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam; Email: chuongtt@haui.edu.vn

Trong Chuong Trinh, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam; Email: maithang@haui.edu.vn

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Thuy Duong Trinh, Van Hoan Hoang, Van Hung Nguyen, The Thang Mai, Trong Chuong Trinh (2025), Improving Frequency Response in a Microgrid Integrated with PV-HESS Using an FOPI Controller Optimized by the Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm. IJEER 13(4), 900-908. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.130430.