I. J. of Electrical & Electronics Research
Research Article | 
A Simplified Continuous PWM Using Nearest Four Vectors Based on 2L-SVM for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Vienna T-Type Rectifier
Author(s): Kanyarat Ek-iam1, Ong-ard Tubburee2*
Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER) Volume 14, Issue 1
Publisher : FOREX Publication
Published : 10 March 2026
e-ISSN : 2347-470X
Page(s) : 64-72
Abstract
Vienna rectifiers are widely employed in high-performance DC power conversion systems, including electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, renewable energy systems, telecommunication infrastructure, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). This paper presents a simplified continuous pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy for the Vienna T-type rectifier, developed using the nearest four vectors derived from the two-level space vector modulation (2L-SVM) principle. The proposed method restructures the switching-state sequence across twelve updated sectors and incorporates a unified zero-sequence injection scheme to satisfy the inherent operating constraint (OC) while ensuring fully continuous modulation. The resulting symmetric seven-segment switching sequence improves voltage synthesis, keeps the neutral-point (NP) voltage balance, and greatly reduces common-mode voltage (CMV). Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink confirm that the proposed method generates smoother line-to-line voltage waveforms, reduces the CMV RMS level by 19.71% compared with the conventional discontinuous SVPWM, and achieves high-quality sinusoidal input currents with a THD of 2.49%, well within the IEEE 519 limit. These results indicate that the proposed modulation strategy is an effective, simple, and hardware-independent way to convert AC to DC with high efficiency in modern power electronics.
Keywords: Vienna T-type rectifier, Nearest four vectors, Common-mode voltage, Zero-sequence component.
Kanyarat Ek-iam, Department of Industrial Electrical Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Email: kanyarat@vru.ac.th
Ong-ard Tubburee ,Department of Industrial Electrical Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Email: ongart.tub@vru.ac.th
-
[1] Zheng, K.; Hou, Y.; Wang, X.; Liu, Y. An active rectifier with pulse width modulation (PWM) mode on-and off-delay compensation for wireless power transfer (WPT) system. IEEE Access 2023, 11, 118204-118216.
-
[2] Zhang, D.; Leontaris, C.; Huber, J.; Kolar, J. W. Optimal synergetic control of three-phase/level boost–buck voltage DC-link AC/DC converter for very-wide output voltage range high-efficiency EV charger. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2023, 12(1), 28-42.
-
[3] Zhou, N.; Wang, J.; Wang, Q.; Wei, N. Measurement-based harmonic modeling of an electric vehicle charging station using a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2014, 6(3), 1332-1340.
-
[4] Soeiro, T. B.; Kolar, J. W. Analysis of high-efficiency three-phase two-and three-level unidirectional hybrid rectifiers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2012, 60(9), 3589-3601.
-
[5] Hariprasad, B.; Sreenivasan, G.; Kumar, S. A.; Mallikarjuna, B. Vehicle-to-Grid Power Transfer Method for Electric Vehicles using off-board charger. IJEER 2024, 12(4), 1203-1210.
-
[6] Bharaneedharan, B.; Suresh, P.; Elumalai, P. V. Energy-efficient Vienna rectifier for electric vehicle battery charging stations. Results in Engineering 2024, 23, 102671.
-
[7] Zhang, P.; Wu, X.; Li, B., Ding, L.; Long, J.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y. Reduction of common-mode voltage and np voltage oscillation for three-level vienna rectifiers using alternative phase opposition disposition pwm. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics 2023, 71(8), 8237-8247.
-
[8] Foureaux, N. C.; Oliveira, J. H.; de Oliveira, F. D.; Cardoso Filho, B. D. J.; de Faria, R. S. Command generation for wide-range operation of hysteresis-controlled Vienna rectifiers. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2014, 51(3), 2373-2380.
-
[9] Lee, J. S.; & Lee, K. B. A novel carrier-based PWM method for Vienna rectifier with a variable power factor. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron 2016, 63(1), 3-12.
-
[10] Hang, L.; Li, B.; Zhang, M.; Wang, Y.; Tolbert, L. M. Equivalence of SVM and carrier-based PWM in three-phase/wire/level Vienna rectifier and capability of unbalanced-load control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2013, 61(1), 20-28.
-
[11] Ma, H.; Lu, Y.; Zheng, K.; Xu, T. Research on the simplified SVPWM for three-phase/switches Y-type two-level rectifier. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 214310-214321.
-
[12] Tubburee, O.; Photong, C.; Angkawisittpan, N.; Ek-iam, K.; Sa-ngiamvibool, W. Design and Development of Three-Phase Two-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers for EV Chargers Using SVPWM and a Voltage-Oriented Controller. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 2025, 15(5), 27877-27884.
-
[13] Xing, X.; Li, X.; Qin, C.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, C. Two-layer pulsewidth modulation strategy for common-mode voltage and current harmonic distortion reduction in Vienna rectifier. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2019, 67(9), 7470-7483.
-
[14] Morris, C. T.; Han, D.; Sarlioglu, B. Reduction of common mode voltage and conducted EMI through three-phase inverter topology. IEEE Trans. Power Electron 2017, 32(3), 1720-1724.
-
[15] Zhang, Z.; Ding, D.; Li, B., Wang, G.; Shao, H.; Shi, B.; Xu, D. Common-mode voltage reduction modulation strategy based on nearest four voltage vectors optimization for vienna rectifier. IEEE transactions on power electronics 2023, 39(3), 2954-2965.
-
[16] Al-Ogaili, A. S.; Aris, I. B.; Verayiah, R.; Ramasamy, A.; Marsadek, M.; Rahmat, N. A.; Hoon, Y.; Aljanad, A.; Al-Masri, A. N. A three-level universal electric vehicle charger based on voltage-oriented control and pulse-width modulation. Energies 2019, 12(12), 1-20.