FOREX Press I. J. of Electrical & Electronics Research
Support Open Access
  • Home/
  • IJEER-130425

Research Article |

Multi-Objective Optimal Planning of DG and FACTS in Radial Distribution Systems via Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm

Author(s): Shridevi Akkewar1*, and Rajendra Dhatrak2

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 13, Issue 4

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 25 December 2025

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 852-860

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.130425

Abstract

Optimal planning of Distributed Generation (DG) units and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices is crucial for improving the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of radial distribution networks. With increasing renewable integration and rising power system complexity, advanced optimization methods are necessary to reduce power losses, enhance voltage profiles, and ensure operational resilience. This study presents a Multi-Objective DG-FACTS Planning (MODF) approach using the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), which leverages basic arithmetic operators for effective global search and rapid convergence. The proposed MODF-AOA overcomes common issues in conventional meta-heuristics, such as premature convergence and local optima trapping. It simultaneously targets real power loss minimization and voltage profile improvement under dynamic load scenarios. The method is validated on the IEEE 33 bus test system, incorporating solar-based DG units and Static VAR Compensators (SVCs). Simulation results highlight that MODF-AOA significantly boosts system performance, achieving up to 36% power loss reduction and around 22% voltage profile improvement compared to traditional techniques, including the Genetic Algorithm (GA). These results confirm the proposed approach’s superiority and suitability for smart, renewable-integrated distribution networks.

Keywords: Distributed Generation, Flexible AC Transmission System, Radial Distribution Grid, Static VAR Compensator, Power Loss Reduction, Voltage Stability, Renewable Energy Integration.




Shridevi Akkewar*, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India; Email: shhrideviakkewar3251@gmail.com

Satyanarayana Penke, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India

    [1] Saleh, H. M.; Hassan, A. I. The challenges of sustainable energy transition: A focus on renewable energy. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2024, 7(2), 2084.
    [2] Swadi, M.; Kadhim, D. J.; Salem, M.; Tuaimah, F. M.; Majeed, A. S.; Alrubaie, A. J. Investigating and predicting the role of photovoltaic, wind, and hydrogen energies in sustainable global energy evolution. Glob. Energy Interconn. 2024, 7(4), 429–445.
    [3] Almusawi, A.; Pugazhenthi, S. Innovative Resource Distribution Through Multi-Agent Supply Chain Scheduling Leveraging Honey Bee Optimization Techniques. PatternIQ Min. 2024, 1(3), 48–62.
    [4] Dawn, S.; Ramakrishna, A.; Ramesh, M.; Das, S. S.; Rao, K. D.; Islam, M. M.; Selim Ustun, T. Integration of renewable energy in microgrids and smart grids in deregulated power systems: a comparative exploration. Adv. Energy Sustain. Res. 2024, 5(10), 2400088.
    [5] Saxena, V.; Manna, S.; Rajput, S. K.; Kumar, P.; Sharma, B.; Alsharif, M. H.; Kim, M. K.. Navigating the complexities of distributed generation: Integration, challenges, and solutions. Energy Rep. 2024, 12, 3302–3322.
    [6] Singh, A. R.; Vishnuram, P.; Alagarsamy, S.; Bajaj, M.; Blazek, V.; Damaj, I.; Othman, K. M.. Electric vehicle charging technologies, infrastructure expansion, grid integration strategies, and their role in promoting sustainable e-mobility. Alexandria Eng. J. 2024, 105, 300–330.
    [7] Refaat, M. M.; Al-Gahtani, S. F.; Bassi, H.; Ali, Z. M.; Aleem, S. H. A. Optimizing power network expansion with pumped hydro energy storage using a multi-objective enhanced spider wasp optimizer approach. Sci. Rep. 2025, 15(1), 13409.
    [8] Ibrahim, R. A.; Gaber, I. M.; Zakzouk, N. E. Analysis of multidimensional impacts of electric vehicles penetration in distribution networks. Sci. Rep. 2024, 14(1), 27854.
    [9] Srivastava, A., Manas, M., & Dubey, R. K. (2024). Integration of power systems with electric vehicles: A comprehensive review of impact on power quality and relevant enhancements. Electric Power Systems Research, 234, 110572.
    [10] Singh, S., & Singh, S. (2024). Advancements and challenges in integrating renewable energy sources into distribution grid systems: A comprehensive review. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 146(9).
    [11] Carbonara, A., Dambone Sessa, S., L’Abbate, A., Sanniti, F., & Chiumeo, R. (2024). Comparison of advanced flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices with conventional technologies for power system stability enhancement: an updated review. Electronics, 13(21), 4262.
    [12] Awad, A., Kamel, S., Hassan, M. H., & Zeinoddini‐Meymand, H. (2024). Optimal allocation of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) for wind turbines integrated power system. Energy Science & Engineering, 12(1), 181-200.
    [13] Salam, I. U., Yousif, M., Numan, M., Zeb, K., & Billah, M. (2023). Optimizing distributed generation placement and sizing in distribution systems: a multi-objective analysis of power losses, reliability, and operational constraints. Energies, 16(16), 5907.
    [14] Yang, C., Sun, Y., Zou, Y., Zheng, F., Liu, S., Zhao, B., ... & Cui, H. (2023). Optimal power flow in distribution network: A review on problem formulation and optimization methods. Energies, 16(16), 5974.
    [15] Yuvaraj, T., Devabalaji, K. R., Thanikanti, S. B., Aljafari, B., & Nwulu, N. (2023). Minimizing the electric vehicle charging stations impact in the distribution networks by simultaneous allocation of DG and DSTATCOM with considering uncertainty in load. Energy Reports, 10, 1796-1817.
    [16] Chaubey, C., & Khare, R. (2024). Enhancing quality of services using genetic quantum behaved particle swarm optimization for location dependent services. Sādhanā, 49(2), 179.
    [17] Yu, G. R., Chang, Y. D., & Lee, W. S. (2024). Maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic generation system using improved quantum-behavior particle swarm optimization. Biomimetics, 9(4), 223.
    [18] Chakraborty, A., & Ray, S. (2024). Optimal allocation of distribution generation sources with sustainable energy management in radial distribution networks using metaheuristic algorithm. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 116, 109142.
    [19] https://github.com/rwl/PYPOWER/blob/master/pypower/case33bw.py
    [20] Dey, Indrajit & Roy, Provas. (2024). Optimal installation of DG in radial distribution network using arithmetic optimization algorithm. Advanced Control for Applications: Engineering and Industrial Systems. 6. 10.1002/adc2.227.
    [21] El Sayed, A., & Poyrazoglu, G. (2024). Analysis of Grid Performance with Diversified Distributed Resources and Storage Integration: A Bilevel Approach with Network-Oriented PSO. Energies, 17(10), 2270. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102270.
    [22] Suriyakumar, Bharath & Arumugam, Vasuki. (2024). Optimization and analysis of distributed generation units in distributed system for minimizing losses. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 34. 31. 10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i1.pp31-39.
    [23] Arévalo, P., & Jurado, F. (2024). Impact of artificial intelligence on the planning and operation of distributed energy systems in smart grids. Energies, 17(17), 4501.
    [24] Tantu, A. T., & Biramo, D. B. (2024). Power flow control and reliability improvement through adaptive PSO based network reconfiguration. Heliyon, 10(17).
    [25] Ton, T. N., et al. (2025). Multi-Objective Optimization of Emissions and Green Accounting Costs in Smart Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 15(5), 27781–27787. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.13578
    [26] Luo, Q., Mi, X., Wei, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm with Mathematical Operator for Engineering Optimization. The European Journal on Artificial Intelligence, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/30504554251319447

Shridevi Akkewar, Rajendra Dhatrak (2025), Multi-Objective Optimal Planning of DG and FACTS in Radial Distribution Systems via Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm. IJEER 13(4), 852-860. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.130425.