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Research Article |

PQ-Constrained OLTC Optimization in EV-Integrated Distribution Systems Using Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm

Author(s): K. Ramamohana Reddy1*, P. Ram Kishore Kumar Reddy2,AP. Sujatha3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 14, Issue 2

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 25 June 2026

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 436-445

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.140220

Abstract

The adoption of electric vehicles is increasing rapidly; this EV charging is most uncertain thing. The distribution system losses are high due to uncertain usage of power supply issues and it increases due to EV charging stations integration in the distribution side. This paper proposes the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm based optimal OLTC tap positions to minimize the power losses and improvement of voltage profile in the distribution system. In general, constant power loading is considered in distribution system but here in this proposed approach voltage dependent load modelling is adapted and integrated the various DG systems (both PV and wind), capacitor placement, to compensate the power losses before going to apply the OLTC as much as possible to reduce the power loss. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 15 and IEEE 33 bus standard system and evaluated the proposed Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm. Compared the proposed approach with existing algorithms like standard PSO algorithm, as well as compared with modern algorithms like PBO, GWO-MLP algorithms, Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm outperformed and exhibits better loss reduction and improvement in voltage profile.The adoption of electric vehicles is increasing rapidly; this EV charging is most uncertain thing. The distribution system losses are high due to uncertain usage of power supply issues and it increases due to EV charging stations integration in the distribution side. This paper proposes the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm based optimal OLTC tap positions to minimize the power losses and improvement of voltage profile in the distribution system. In general, constant power loading is considered in distribution system but here in this proposed approach voltage dependent load modelling is adapted and integrated the various DG systems (both PV and wind), capacitor placement, to compensate the power losses before going to apply the OLTC as much as possible to reduce the power loss. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 15 and IEEE 33 bus standard system and evaluated the proposed Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm. Compared the proposed approach with existing algorithms like standard PSO algorithm, as well as compared with modern algorithms like PBO, GWO-MLP algorithms, Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm outperformed and exhibits better loss reduction and improvement in voltage profile.

Keywords: Distribution Networks, Electric Vehicle Charging, On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC), Power Quality, Radial Feeders, Renewable Integration, Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA), Voltage-Dependent Load Modeling.




K. Ramamohana Reddy, Assist. Professor, College of Engineering, University of Information Technology and Communications, Baghdad, Iraq ;Email: krammohanee@gmail.com

P. Ram Kishore Kumar Reddy, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MGIT, Hyderabad, India;

P. Sujatha, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUCEA, Anantapuramu, India;

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K. Ramamohana Reddy, P. Ram Kishore Kumar Reddy, and P. Sujatha (2026), PQ-Constrained OLTC Optimization in EV-Integrated Distribution Systems Using Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm. IJEER 14(2), 436-445. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.140220.