Abstract

This work proposes a metaheuristic optimization approach for AGC in deregulated power systems. The analysis is carried out on a 3-AMS comprising gas turbine power plants, hydroelectric, thermal power stations and wind energy units. The primary objective is to reduce ACE, which includes tie-line power deviations and frequency fluctuations, under different operating conditions. To achieve optimal performance, a MWHOA is employed to determine the optimal gain parameters of FOPID. The proposed strategy evaluates the dynamic performance of generators in a 3-AMS under a deregulated environment. It emphasizes the significance of optimizing the FOPID controller to ensure system stability, with the ITAE used as the performance index. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing its performance with that of PSO. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further evaluated through various case studies, including Poolco and bilateral transaction scenarios, along with stability and sensitivity analyses. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the MWHOA-optimized FOPID controller delivers superior performance over other methods, particularly in regulating generator outputs, minimizing tie-line power variations, and maintaining frequency stability across multi areas. The obtained ITAE value for the transient response is 0.0005497, and the settling time in case-1 Poolco agreement using the MWHOA optimized controller is 10.10 seconds. Nevertheless, these numbers are lower than what PSO was able to attain. Comparing case-2, the bilateral settling time is 10.23 seconds, and ITAE is 0.0004491 less than PSO and other methods found in the literature.