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Research Article |

Optimal Sizing and Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Enhancing the Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms

Author(s): Karrar H. Kadhim1,Kadhim Hasmzah Chalok2,Asraa Zahir Edan3

Published In : International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research (IJEER)        Volume 14, Issue 2

Publisher : FOREX Publication

Published : 30 June 2026

e-ISSN : 2347-470X

Page(s) : 630-640

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37391/IJEER.140238

Abstract

Renewable energy sources (RESs) received a lot of attention due to their inexhaustibility, environmental benefits, storage capacities, cheaper maintenance costs, and stronger economies, among other things. Among these renewable energy sources, offshore wind power plants are among the most competitive. The technical novelty of the work lies in the construction of an optimal hybrid power system comprising an offshore wind farm and a co-located onshore Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), without integrating solar power. The ultimate goal is to develop a model to determine the optimal BESS capacity and control policy that meet the power output target, minimize energy curtailment, and maximize the dispatchability of the entire wind farm. The experiment aims to construct a dynamic system model in MATLAB/Simulink. BESS energy and power at optimum efficiency, MW and MWh ratings are determined by performing a Particle Swarm Optimization of the multi-objective function with penalty terms to optimize oscillation in power and revenue loss due to curtailment. The controller is an SoC-based rule that governs power transfer among wind turbines, BESS, and the grid point of connection. It is validated using 479 hours of representative North Sea wind-speed synthetic data. The results show that increasing the BESS size reduces the standard deviation of grid power supplied by more than 60% and energy curtailment by up to 95% relative to unstored system.

Keywords: Offshore Wind Power, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Power System Optimization, Energy Storage Sizing, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grid Integration, State of Charge (SoC).




Karrar H. Kadhim, AL-Musaib Technical College, Al–Furat Al–Awsat Technical University, Babylon 51002, Iraq; Email: karrar.hamed@atu.edu.iq

Kadhim Hasmzah Chalok, Center for Research on Environment and Renewable Energy, University of Kerbala 56001 Karbala, Iraq; Email: kadhim.hamzah@uokerbala.edu.iq

Asraa Zahir Edan, Center for Research on Environment and Renewable Energy, University of Kerbala 56001 Karbala, Iraq; Email: asraa.z@uokerbala.edu.iq

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Karrar H. Kadhim, Kadhim Hasmzah Chalok and Asraa Zahir Edan (2026), Optimal Sizing and Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Enhancing the Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms. IJEER 14(2), 630-640. DOI: 10.37391/IJEER.140238.