Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a famous technique for high information rate remote transmission. OFDM might be joined with antenna arrays at the transmitter and recipient to expand the differences pick up and/or to upgrade the framework limit on time-variant and frequency-specific channels, resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrangement. In this paper we are introducing MIMO-OFDM. We measured the performance of different modulation techniques with respect to BER and SNR. We compare the results and conclude that in the case of even power, bit error rate is lower as compare to odd power.
Read moreIn the present world with the growing demand of electricity the quality of voltage becoming a vital problem. Voltage swell is one of the short term voltage disturbances that occur frequently in power distribution system. Voltage swell characterization is an important, because power quality analysis, troubleshooting, diagnosis, and mitigation policy could be carried out only after characterizing the voltage swells. The magnitude, duration, and phase-angle jump are the essential characteristics of voltage swell are considered in this work. In this paper, MATLAB/SIMULINK with SimPower System is used to simulate the proposed system to show the comparative performance of significant characteristics of voltage swells under power distribution system fault, energizing a capacitor bank and sudden switching off a heavy linear and nonlinear load.
Read moreTo design any type of filters complex calculation is needed. But with the help of window method, it become simple. In this paper a Low pass filter is designed by window method with the help of Artificial Neural Network. Here, Hann window and Blackman window is used to design filter and Feed Forward Back Propagation algorithm has been taken for neural network. In this paper different data sets for cut off frequency are consider for training and testing purpose to get best results.
Read moreThis paper present a comparative study between two works proposed for microstrip patch antenna dual band operations. The comparison is made between a dual-band planar antenna with a compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications and a printed circular microstrip patch antenna with a four rectangular shape strip and co planar rectangular ground plane antenna. The comparative analysis between these two antennas consist of following parameters such as dimensions, bandwidth, gain, return loss, directivity etc.
Read moreSystem-level modeling is generally needed due to simultaneous increase in design complexity with multi-million gate designs in today’s system-on-chips (SoCs). System C is generally applied to system-level modeling of Sigma-Delta ADC. CORDIC technique and test generation for the testing of mixed signal circuit components such as analog-to-digital converter is mostly implemented in system level modeling. This work focuses on developing fast and yet accurate model of BIST approach for Sigma-Delta ADC. The Sigma-Delta modulator’s ADC static parameters as well as dynamic parameters are degraded. One of the dynamic parameters, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is directly obtained by the SIMSIDES (MATLAB SIMULINK tool). Then, the obtained parameters are tested by using Built-in-self-test that is desirable for the VLSI system in order to reduce the non-recurring cost (NRE) per chip by the manufacturer. This paper demonstrates a possibility to realize a simulation of testing strategy of high-resolution Sigma-Delta modulator using MATLAB SIMULINK and Xilinx EDA tool environment. This work also contributes towards the Output Response Analyzer (ORA) being used for testing parameters which help in reducing the difficulties in design of the complete ORA circuit. Moreover, the reusable features of hardware in the computation of different parameters are also improved in the ORA design.
Read moreFilling dead pixels or eliminating unwanted things is typically preferred within the applications of remotely sensed images. In proposed article, a competent image imprinting technique is demonstrated to resolve this drawback, relied nonlocal total variation. Initially remotely sensed images are effected by ill posed inverse problems i.e. image destripping, image de-noising etc. So it is required to use regularization technique to makes these problems well posed i.e. NLTV method, which is the combination of nonlocal operators and total variation model. Actually this method can make use of the good features of non-local operators for textured images and total variation method in edge preserving for color images. To optimize the proposed variation model, an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is used in order to get similarity with the original image. And evaluate the outcomes of proposed technique with the existing technique i.e. MNLTV optimized by Bregmanized-operator-splitting algorithm which is a prediction based method. The investigation of all outcomes confirms the efficacy of this rule.
Read moreThis research contracts with the notion of hybridization and reports use of hybridizing on GA and HNN. GA and HNN were individually applied to resolve the SCP [3, 4, 5]. In first section we used GA and HNN independently to solve Standard Cell Problem. In the second section we present a new hybrid of GA and HNN. In the last section of the paper we compare the results of hybrid system of GA and HNN with independent result of GA and HNN in respect of wire length and CPU time.
Read moreMain ambition of wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to exploit network lifetime and stability periods. Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is uses to elect the cluster head (CH) in set up phase of WSN such that the intra cluster average distance between the member nodes and their respective CHs is minimized and the sum of ratio of residual energy of alive nodes in cluster or energy level of CH is also minimized via maximized. In the research, a Flower Pollination Algorithm based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (EERPFPA) has been proposed to apply FPA the problem of electing the CH in the cluster set-up phase based on minimizing the intra cluster average distance between the member nodes and their CHs and minimizing the sum of ratio of remaining power/energy of active sensor nodes in cluster to energy/power intensity of CH. It efficiently maximizes the network life time and improves the stability period. In this paper, the simulation results are showed by using MATLAB. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is more energy efficient and more reliable in clustering process as compared to WSN with Harmony search algorithm (HSA) for heterogeneous networks.
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