Articles published in IJEER


ASIC Implementation of DMA Controller

Direct Memory Access is a method of transferring data between peripherals and memory without using the CPU. It is designed to improve system performance by allowing external devices to directly transfer information from the system memory. We generally use asynchronous type of DMA as they respond directly to input. The DMA controller issues signals to the peripheral device and main memory to execute read and write commands. In this paper DMA controller was designed using Verilog HDL and simulated in Cadence NC Launch. The design was synthesized using low power constraints. Through this design we have decreased the power consumption to 69%.

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On-Chip AMBA Bus Based Efficient Bridge between High Performance and Low Peripheral Devices

Today’s scenario of SOC deals with integrity and sharing of information or data with various level of communication. AMBA bus protocol has been proposed by ARM community to justify the uneven demand of integrity .In this paper functional description and implementation of high peripheral devices supporting protocol AXI2.0 and its interface between low peripheral devices has been proposed. The connection named as bridge take care of the protocol mismatch and operates on data transfer for uneven speed demand. Asynchronous FIFO has been considered to avoid the complex handshaking mechanism. The design has been implemented within VHDL and implemented on Xilinx Virtex 4.

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Double Pumping Low Power Technique for Coarse - Grained Reconfigurable Architecture

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) require many processing elements (PEs) and a con- figuration memory unit (configuration cache) for reconfiguration of its PE array. Though this architecture is meant for high performance and flexibility. Power reduction is very crucial for CGRA to be more competitive and reliable processing core in embedded systems. We propose a DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) architecture to reduce power-overhead caused by reconfiguration. The power reduction can be achieved by using the characteristics like double pumping the data bus and an I/O buffer between the memory and the data bus of DDR SDRAM. All modules have been designed at behavioral level with VHDL coding and to Simulate in Xilinx ISE navigator.

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Design of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit for Low Power Devices

Radio frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to power the next generation wireless networks. The RF energy harvesting system was designed to convert the RF energy available in the atmosphere into useful electrical energy which can be used to charge a battery of capacity 50 uAh. This battery requires a voltage in the range of 4- 4.2V to get itself charged. In this paper we have designed and simulated a Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting circuit which utilized available RF energy with the voltage boosting circuit. Simulation results represents that by using matching network of high-Q, output voltage of harvesting circuit increases and it becomes more sensitive with respect to input signal frequency and value of elements used.

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Spectrum Sensing of Cognitive Radio – A Survey

Cognitive radio is emerging as one of the most promising aspects regarding the efficient usage of the radio spectrum and also on a non-interference basis. However the most challenging part is the effective detection of primary users (PUs). Nowadays there are a lot of threats from attackers who use techniques like data falsification, primary user emulations to cause harm to the users, so we need to address them with proper and efficient solutions. So in this survey we address the various threats and the challenges faced in cognitive radio environments and also we are here to discuss the various sampling techniques that could be used for the purpose of proper detection.

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Bandwidth Improvement of RMPA using DGS

In this research paper we proposed a new DGS design to improve the bandwidth of RMPA designed for 2.2GHz operating frequency. In this paper, author proposed a RMPA with DGS to enhance its parameters and mainly bandwidth and directivity of the antenna. To achieve a very important bandwidth and directivity enhancement author proposed a table shaped unsymmetrical DGS in the ground plane. This unsymmetrical DGS on the other side of the patch increases the fringing field which consequently increased the parasitic capacitance. This coupling of patch and ground made the bandwidth and directivity enhanced from the RMPA without DGS.

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Vehicle Simulator: Virtual Trip Runner (VTR)/ Real Time Recorder (RTR)

This topic is an attempt to develop an open source vehicle simulator for use by anyone needing realistic vehicle data delivered as it would be in a real vehicle. As you probably know, most vehicles nowadays have an On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) connector which is wired up to the car’s internal computer. It is used in many garages where the mechanic can probe the car through the OBD connector and read out parameters onto a display. In an Internet of Things (IoT ) world where the car can be easily connected to the Internet (perhaps via Bluetooth to a smart phone), it could automatically search an online knowledge base and not only report a fault code but also let you know the most likely cause either based on the car’s personal history or on the environment (an expert system could conclude “it is minus 15 degrees Celsius outside, and there is a water leak, and it is likely to be a cracked hose due to the cold temperature – and there was a manufacturer recall notice concerning this hose”). There will be whole sectors of applications such as, safer driver operation of the vehicle, fewer distractions, more automation, safer mechanical performance, better & more timely maintenance warnings, lower cost operation and lower maintenance costs.

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Design of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Proximity Coupled Technique

Author have studied various design techniques to design multiband patch antenna. Proximity coupled technique was found more suitable and efficient to design a multiband antenna. This proposed designed antenna is able to operate in two distinguished frequency that means proposed antenna is a dual band antenna with large bandwidth and high directivity. This proposed design contains a defected ground, a rectangular patch and a meandered feed, which is designed to connect a SMA connector. Designed antenna is a 3 layer device having higher radiation intensity at 1.96 and 2.6GHz.

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Modification of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Veselago Media

This research article is a result of a keen literature review. Author gone through various techniques to modify the patch antenna parameters and found implementing veselago media is best among other techniques. In this research paper a MPA was designed on the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz and after that veselago media was implemented to modify its result and found a marvelous change in the simulated result of the MPA. Previously return loss, bandwidth, directivity was found -11dB, 39MHz and 5.698dBi respectively. After implementing the veselago media result achieved are -30dB, 55.5MHz and 6.645dBi respectively.

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Enhancement in RMPA Parameters by Rhombus Connected With Circle Meta Material Structure Using at 1.9 GHz

Author proposed a new design of meta-material to provide advancement into the factors of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) “Enhancement in RMPA parameters Rhombus Connected With Circle Meta material structure high using at 1.9GHz” As a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed at a height of 1.6mm & Left handed Meta material structure is designed at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane by using CST-MWS software. The resonance frequency 1.9GHz of the designed antenna is using as a high frequency. This paper mainly worked on return loss. The Return loss of the proposed antenna reduced to -31,16dB & bandwidth is increased up to 41.9MHz. This antenna is small size, cheap, compact and easy to fabricate, and achieve good radiation characteristics with higher return loss. In this paper return loss basically defined as system becomes stable with reduced return loss.

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