This paper defines various terminologies like failure, fault, faulty environment, fault tolerance, candidate node, redundancy, etc and explains fundamental concepts linked to fault tolerance in distributed systems. There are a lot of issues in distributed Computing system such as Emergent resource sharing, transparency, dependability, Complex mappings, concurrency, Fault tolerance etc. In this paper we focussed on the different fault tolerant approaches and fault tolerant terminologies used in distributed computing environment.
Read moreIn this paper, array of microstrip patch antenna is designed for communication in wireless application in L-BAND. Single element and 2x1 array of rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed and simulated by a full wave simulator (IE3D). Two rectangles of length 42mm and width 38.9mm with asymmetric slots is simulated. The design is fabricated on ground with relative permittivity (€r) of 2.2 and thickness 1.6mm. This design has a resonance frequency of 2.44 GHz and achieved a return loss of -41.4176dB. Coaxial feeding is used in this antenna design. Some other important parameters of simulated results of the proposed antenna such as Return loss, Smith chart, directivity, gain are also mentioned and discussed. The proposed design finds application in L-BAND especially in BLUETOOTH devices.
Read moreThe performance of a High Pass Filter (HPF) with and without Defected Ground Structure (DGS) was analyzed. The defected ground structure is circular etched shapes in ground plane. Comparison of the response of filter with and without DGS was done separately. Parameters of the proposed configuration were calculated at the centre frequency of 1.5 GHz and with dielectric constant of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02 and substrate height of 1.6mm. Results were simulated using computer simulation technology software (CST). The undesired sidebands and fluctuations of response were reduced by using defected ground structure (DGS).
Read moreThis work demonstrates integration of an artificial material onto a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna to improve its performance. Such antennas are gaining a high interest as system designer require more complex function to be implemented in reduced area. The artificial material used is commonly called “Metamaterial” or “Left-Handed-Metamaterial (LHM)” and it exhibit some peculiar electromagnetic properties that don’t exist in nature. So, when a microstrip patch antenna is integrated using Left-Handed-Metamaterial, potential parameters like return loss, bandwidth, directivity, gain & efficiency etc. shows improvement. These antennas are cost-effective, more powerful and highly efficient in comparison to the basic microstrip antenna and have their applications in various commercial and military equipments. Proposed Antenna along with RMPA is designed to simulate at 2.4GHz. The designing and analysis has been done using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST-2010) software. The various parameters are compared and the results were deduced.
Read moreAuthors analyzed and explored a significant concept of micro-strip patch antenna configured by double negative left handed metamaterial structure. Basic aim of this paper is to explain the general properties of rectangular micro-strip patch antenna with metamaterial structure like return loss, bandwidth, directivity and Smith chart. In this paper authors have compared the return loss of the micro-strip patch antenna at a frequency of 2.26 GHz and height of 3.2 mm from the ground plane with “SLOTTED RHOMBUS” Shaped left-handed structure. It has been observed that the return loss has reduced by 25 dB approximately.
Read moreIn this paper, we discover an option for low power interconnect synthesis at the32nm node and beyond, using Fin-type Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs) which are a promising substitute for bulk CMOS at the considered gate lengths. We consider a mechanism for improving FinFETs efficiency, called variable-supply voltage schemes. In this paper, we’ve illustrated the design and implementation of FinFET based 4x4 SRAM cell array by means of one bit 7T SRAM. FinFET based 7T SRAM has been designed and analysis have been carried out for leakage current, dynamic power and delay. For the validation of our design approach, output of FinFET SRAM array have been compared with standard CMOS SRAM and significant improvements are obtained in proposed model.
Read moreIn this paper, we discover an option for low power interconnect synthesis at the 32nm node and beyond, using Fin-type Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs) which are a promising substitute for bulk CMOS at the considered gate lengths. We consider a mechanism for improving FinFETs efficiency, called variable-supply voltage schemes. In this paper, we’ve illustrated the design and implementation of FinFET based 4x4 SRAM cell array by means of one bit 7T SRAM. FinFET based 7T SRAM has been designed and analysis have been carried out for leakage current, dynamic power and delay. For the validation of our design approach, output of FinFET SRAM array have been compared with standard CMOS SRAM and significant improvements are obtained in proposed model.
Read moreIn this article a monopole leaky wave antenna is proposed. This article describe comparative analysis of leaky wave antenna with monopole leaky wave antenna .The configuration of the proposed LWA contains two parts: the conventional open structure LWA, the added monopole connected to the end of the LWA on a reduce ground plane, Because of the open structure of the LWA, the reflected power produces a large back lobe radiated backwardly. By using the method of the added monopole connected to the end of the antenna, the remainder power could radiate through the added monopole without reflecting at the end. This paper uses a monopole antenna which can improve the return loss, reduce the back lobe of proposed antenna. . Above antenna has become interesting due to their simple shape and geometry.This antenna has been simulated on electromagnetic simulator computer simulation technology (CST)Microwave suit software and results are analyzed at frequency 2.76 GHz.
Read more