Articles published in IJEER

Special Issue on Recent Advancements in the Electrical & Electronics Engineering


Articles in press are peer reviewed, accepted articles to be published in this publication. When the final article is assigned to volumes 10, Issues 3 of the publication, the article in press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published volumes/issues of the publication.

Synthetic Transformer using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) and Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC)

This paper presents a new realization of synthetic transformer using off the shelf active blocks. This proposed transformer is designed using operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), resistor and capacitor. Use of VDCC helps to utilizes benefits of both voltage differencing unit and current conveyor. The working of proposed circuit is verified through simulations in LTSPICE using TSMC 180nm process characteristics. The proposed circuit offers the feature of adjusting primary and secondary self-inductances and mutual inductance independently. The bias current of the VDCC is used to control the primary and secondary self-inductance and mutual inductance of synthetic transformer.

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Design and Development of Hybrid Vehicle using Four Different Sources of Energy

These days, where there are energy crises and the assets are depleting at a higher rate, there is a necessity for specific innovation that recovers the energy, which gets commonly squandered, and to find new sources of energy. Thus, if there should arise an occurrence of cars one of these valuable innovations are the HYBRID VEHICLES. By the actual name it tends to be surmised that a hybrid vehicle is an extemporization to the conventional gasoline run vehicle joined with the force of an electric engine. In this project, we created a working model of a system that can charge its battery from four different sources. This system can further be replaced with the existing electrical system of hybrid vehicle technology. Hence, improving energy efficiency and leading to even lower emissions than the conventional hybrid vehicle.

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Simulation and Optimization of Ultrasonic Transducer

The ultrasonic transducers have numerous applications in industries, including medical probes for performing ultrasound scans. One of the significant drawbacks of the ultrasonic transducer is the wastage of a large portion of energy, due to high acoustic impedance, while transmitting ultrasonic waves to the target object. The present study is aimed to investigate the material design of the piezo-composite transducer and improve its performance. Different piezo-composite transducers were simulated in the COMSOL environment by varying input parameters, and three key performance indicators (KPI) were calculated. Many constraint-based multivariable optimization algorithms have been used to maximize the KPIs. A set of parameters, such as Sensitivity and Fractional Bandwidth, have been found to increase the performance of piezo-composite transducer model and its overall efficiency. This study is intended to impinge unidirectional property to the transducer which is found to be beneficial in more accurate medical as well as structural reports and cost savings.

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Design and Development of a Solar Electric Delivery Pod

The ultrasonic transducers have numerous applications in industries, including medical probes for performing ultrasound scans. One of the significant drawbacks of the ultrasonic transducer is the wastage of a large portion of energy, due to high acoustic impedance, while transmitting ultrasonic waves to the target object. The present study is aimed to investigate the material design of the piezo-composite transducer and improve its performance. Different piezo-composite transducers were simulated in the COMSOL environment by varying input parameters, and three key performance indicators (KPI) were calculated. Many constraint-based multivariable optimization algorithms have been used to maximize the KPIs. A set of parameters, such as Sensitivity and Fractional Bandwidth, have been found to increase the performance of piezo-composite transducer model and its overall efficiency. This study is intended to impinge unidirectional property to the transducer which is found to be beneficial in more accurate medical as well as structural reports and cost savings.

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Rectifier Acoustical Cardiac Activity Detection Analysis of ECG Signal

Skilled cardiologists follow a series of steps to recognize the heartbeats of a patient. But it is a very difficult task to tune to particular frequencies for a doctor. So, in this manuscript, it is sorted into two series MIT-BIH data set steps for processing the heartbeat of a person without noise from a respiratory system to save a person from false detection of heart diseases. So, we expect our work is useful for researchers, educators, physicians. If the speed of the heart is faster or slower than it is said to be it is called an abnormality. Sudden cardiac death may also be attained due to false detection of a heartbeat. So, the early detection of this heartbeat is necessary to save the life of the patients. So, the algorithm proposed in this paper is useful in removing unnecessary sounds by surroundings and the overall mortality rate due to heart diseases can be reduced.

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Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (CCTA) based Grounded Memcapacitor Emulator

A new emulator circuit for designing memcapacitor is proposed in this work. The suggested circuit is designed using a current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA), a memristor and a capacitor. Behaviour of the proposed circuit has been examined for a frequency range of 0.6Hz to 6.4Hz with the help of simulations performed in LTSPICE using TSMC 180nm process parameters. It has been observed that the area inside lobes reduces with increase in frequency. In comparison to other emulators reported in literature, the suggested circuit uses fewer passive components and does not require analog multipliers, thus making it simple to design. The correctness and efficacy of the proposed design are verified using transient analysis, non-volatility analysis, and pinched hysteresis loops.

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Identifying and Mitigating the Barriers for Vehicle-to-Grid Adoption in India

This study gauges the current scenario of EVs in India as a precursor to the adoption of V2G on a large scale. It outlines the barriers to complete EV adoption under three challenge categories. It discusses the motivation for the use of vehicle-to-grid by describing the technology in detail and discussing an overview of how it works. Lastly, the study outlines how popular optimization techniques have been employed to solve individual optimization and scheduling tasks to optimize power, cost, and emissions for V2G.

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Comparative Study of NCM and NCA Electrode Material for Capacity-Fade Using 1-D Modeling

Today, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are one of the most emerging power sources for almost all modern consumer electronic products. LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3O2 (NCM) are projected to be utilized in lithium-ion power batteries as two typical layered nickel-rich ternary cathode materials. Moreover, there is still a need for systematic study from an industrial aspect as to the advantages and drawbacks of these two nickel-rich materials. Hence, a comparative study of NCM and NCA electrode material for capacity-fade has been explored using a 1-D simulated model constructed in the multi-physics software. The capacity of a battery depends on the cell potential, discharge rate, state of charge (SoC), and state of health (SoH). Therefore, the comparison of these parameters and the cycle number of a battery is extremely important. During this comparative study of NCM and NCA electrode material, the capacity fade based on discharge rate, SoC, and SoH over cycle number of a battery has been reported

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Comparative Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Neural Network Based MPPT with Variable Irradiance and Load

The escalating demands and increasing awareness for the environment, resulted in deployment of Photovoltaic (PV) system as a viable option. PV system are widely installed for numerous applications. However, the challenges in tracking the maximum power with intermittent atmospheric condition and varying load is significant. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed and based on their convergence speed, control of external variations and oscillation, the output power efficiency, and other significant factors viz. the algorithm complexity and implementation cost, novel MPPT approach are preferable than the conventional approach. This paper presents an artificial intelligence-based optimization controller for MPPT in a PV system under varying load and irradiance conditions. Comparative analysis of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based MPPT is simulated and analysed.

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A Soft Computing Techniques Analysis for Planar Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communications

The use of neural-network computational modules for radio frequency and microwave modelling and design has lately gained popularity as an uncommon but useful technique for this type of modelling and design. It is possible to train neural networks to study the behaviour of active and passive mechanisms and circuits. In this study, technologists will learn about what neural networks are and how they can be used to model microstrip patch antennas. An artificial neural network is used in this work to investigate in depth several designs and analysis methodologies for microstrip patch antennas. Various network structures are also discussed in this study for wireless communications. Microstrip antenna design has been presented and the use of ANN in microstrip antenna design are also shown in this article.

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Speed Control Analysis of Brushless DC Motor Using PI, PID and Fuzzy-PI Controllers

Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) are relatively new in the industry in comparison to DC motor and induction motor. Conventional controllers like PI, PID are easy to implement but they are not as good as a Hybrid Fuzzy-PI controller for smooth operations. In this paper with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK, speed response of BLDC motor drive system has been done using PI, PID and Fuzzy-PI controller.

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Solar Power Prediction using LTC Models

Renewable energy production has been increasing at a tremendous rate in the past decades. This increase in production has led to various benefits such as low cost of energy production and making energy production independent of fossil fuels. However, in order to fully reap the benefits of renewable energy and produce energy in an optimum manner, it is essential that we forecast energy production. Historically deep learning-based techniques have been successful in accurately forecasting solar energy production. In this paper we develop an ensemble model that utilizes ordinary differential based neural networks (Liquid Time constant Networks and Recurrent Neural networks) to forecast solar power production 24 hours ahead. Our ensemble is able to achieve superior result with MAPE of 5.70% and an MAE of 1.07 MW.

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Ensemble Deep Convolution Neural Network for Sars-Cov-V2 Detection

The continuing Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, has attracted the eye of researchers and many studies have focussed on controlling it. Covid-19 has affected the daily life, employment, and health of human beings along with socio-economic disruption. Deep Learning (DL) has shown great potential in various medical applications in the past decade and continues to assist in effective medical image analysis. Therefore, it is effectively being utilized to explore its potential in controlling the pandemic. Chest X-Ray (CXR) images were used in studies pertaining to DL for medical image analysis. With the burgeoning of Covid-19 cases by day, it becomes imperative to effectively screen patients whose CXR images show a tendency of Covid-19 infection. Several innovative Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been proposed so far for classifying medical CXR images.

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Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier (VDBA) Based Grounded Meminductor Emulator

A new meminductor emulator using a capacitor, a memristor and a voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA) is proposed in this paper. This reported realization of meminductor is very simple than proposed in literature as it needs only 1 active block. The proposed emulator has been found suitable for low frequency operations with electrical tunability, and multiplier free topology. The characteristics of the proposed emulator have been verified for a frequency range of 1.8Hz to 4.9Hz using the LTspice simulation tool with 180nm CMOS technology parameters. Pinched hysteresis loops observed in flux versus current plane verifies its meminductive behavior. Moreover, the non-volatility test of the proposed emulator proves its memory behavior. The pinched hysteresis loops obtained through simulations show that the lobe area reduces with increase in frequency

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Analysis of Flying Capacitor Boost Converter

This paper analyzes the working principle of flying capacitor boost converter and its different variants such as synchronous flying capacitor boost converter and n-level flying capacitor boost converter. The circuit diagram and analysis of different waveforms have been provided. Voltage conversion ratio of different converters have been provided. The lower voltage conversion ratio (VCR), higher voltage stress, and low efficiency of the boost converter at higher duty cycle levels are the primary limitations of the device. Magnetic coupling components are employed to boost the VCR, but the rating is reduced as a result. The leakage current stored in the magnetic component causes unwanted voltage spikes to occur in the switches as a result of the leakage current.

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Grounded Meminductor Emulator Using Operational Amplifier-Based Generalized Impedance Converter and Its Application in High Pass Filter

This paper exhibits a grounded meminductor emulator designed using an operational amplifier generalized impedance converter (GIC) and a memristor. One of the resistors of GIC has been judiciously replaced by memristor to convert active inductor circuit into meminductor emulator circuits. For the proposed grounded meminductor emulator, pinched hysteresis loops of up to 5kHz have been produced. The simulation findings were obtained using the LTspice simulation tool. The pinched hysteresis loops are shrinking when the frequency is varied from 100 Hz – 5 kHz. A high pass filter has also been constructed and simulated using the proposed meminductor emulator to validate its performance.

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