IJEER Vol no. 11, Issue 1


An efficient Feed-forward compensation mechanism for NFC-based PMSM system using different observers for Load-torque estimation

The Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) offers high torque and efficiency and is used in most industrial applications. This manuscript uses a feed-forward compensation mechanism to design an efficient neuro-fuzzy logic controller (NFC) based surface-mounted PMSM system. The different load-observers like Discrete Luenberger Observer (DLO), Kalman filter observer (KFO), and discrete Kalman filter observer (DKFO) are used as a feed-forward compensation method to compensate the dq stator current and also estimate performance metrics. The NFC is used as a speed controller, and two PI controllers are used for the current control mechanism. The noise is added at the actual load torque and speed of PMSM and compensated using load observers.

Read more

System Modelling and Identification for EEG Monitoring using Random Vector Functional Link Network

Brain signal research occupies a special position in recent biomedical research in recent times. In this work, the authors try to develop a model for monitoring the EEG signal of the patient. It is the extrinsic application of the system identification problem. The Random Vector functional link network (RVFLN) model as the variant of Neural Network, is proposed for the dynamic modeling of a practical system. RVFLN is a fast-learning feed-forward network and does not need iterative tuning that reduces the model's computational complexity and faster training performance.

Read more

Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) in MANETs Based on Situation Based Adaptive Routing

Without the need of a fixed foundation or base station, the Mobile Ad hoc Network creates its own wireless network. One of the most troublesome aspects of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is the occurrence of unexpected loss of network connectivity. As a result of this problem, packets continue to drop, and we must restore the connection by sending Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP). As a result, network performance will suffer yet another setback. We used the scenario routing technique to combine the Dream Multipath Routing (DMR), Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV), Optimized link-state routing (OLSR), and Ad-hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) routing protocols to build the IHRP routing protocol in this work. According to previous studies, (AODV) is more suited when node motion is high.

Read more

A Systematic Approach of Advanced Dilated Convolution Network for Speaker Identification

Over the years, the Speaker recognition area is facing various challenges in identifying the speakers accurately. Remarkable changes came into existence with the advent of deep learning algorithms. Deep learning made a remarkable impact on the speaker recognition approaches. This paper introduces a simple novel architectural approach to an advanced Dilated Convolution network. The novel idea is to induce the well-structured log-Melspectrum to the proposed dilated convolution neural network and reduce the number of layers to 11. The network utilizes the Global average pooling to accumulate the outputs from all layers to get the feature vector representation for classification.

Read more

Optimal Placement of PMUs in Smart Grid for Voltage Stability Monitoring using AMPSO and PSAT

Efficient energy use is critical for a growing nation like India. The smart grid (SG) idea enables the creation of a highly dependable electricity system that optimizes existing resources. The Indian electricity grid as it now exists needs fundamental modifications to satisfy increasing demand and to make the system more intelligent and dependable. Since the past several decades, power system stability has been seen as a significant challenge to power system researchers and utilities. With a not many strategically placed Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), it may be feasible to observe the power system stability of the network. This article suggests an optimum location for PMUs, considering the effect of power system stability-related serious situations.

Read more

ISM Band 2.4 GHz Wearable Textile Antenna for Glucose Level Monitoring

Wearable technology has recently attracted much interest for various uses. An essential component of the wearable system is the wearable antenna. Textile and non-textile materials have both been used to create wearable antennas. Textile antennas are very useful and widely used nowadays, particularly in body-worn applications monitoring health parameters. Fabricated using microstrip technology, textile antennas have various benefits, including small size, lightweight, simple fabrication, and ease of wear. In this study, a microstrip antenna is created utilizing a substrate made of jeans. It works between 2.4 to 2.5 GHz in the ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band. High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software was used to simulate two antennas, one with an incomplete and the other with a complete ground plane. Wearable antennas can protect the body from the impacts of RF radiation by utilizing the entire ground plane principle.

Read more

A Novel Congestion Control Scheme using Firefly Algorithm Optimized Fuzzy-PID Controller in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of several sensor nodes, each of which may collect, receive and transmit data. In recent years, WSNs have emerged as essential technologies due to their ubiquity in applications such as the military, smartphones, disaster management, healthcare monitoring, and other surveillance systems. The inability to send data from the sensor node promptly and the impossibility of new data reaching the node's queue indicate of network congestion. The packet will be either discarded or delayed, which will cause more data loss, longer transmission delays, reduced network throughput, and lower network quality of service. To address this problem, this paper proposes an efficient and novel Firefly Algorithm-optimized Fuzzy-PID (FA-Fuzzy-PID) controller for congestion control in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The proposed control technique used a fuzzy control algorithm to overcome the standard PID controller's slow optimization parameter, low calculation accuracy, and limited adaptability.

Read more

Impact of Stator Slot Shape on Cogging Torque of BLDC Motor

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have a wide range of applications in these modern days, such as electric vehicles, industrial robots, washing machines, pumps, and blowers. The brushless DC motors have many advantages when compared to induction motors and conventional DC motors, such as better speed control, noiseless operation, high efficiency, less maintenance, and a long life. Along with these benefits, there is one major disadvantage known as cogging, which causes undesirable effects in the motor such as noises and vibrations. BLDC motors have been widely used in automation and industrial applications due to their attractive features. There are certain parameters to be considered while designing a BLDC motor, such as its dimensions, number of windings turns, type of magnetic materials used, required torque, output current, slot-to-depth ratio, efficiency, temperature rise, etc.

Read more

Enhancement of Voltage Regulation and Transient Stability of Six Phase STATCOM using Decoupled Current Control Strategy

In this paper, STATCOM is used in a six-phase transmission system to improve voltage regulation and transient stability. Six-phase pulse width modulated voltage source converters are used in the design of STATCOM, and a decoupled current control approach is used to operate it. The voltage references used by the voltage source converters' pulse generator are produced using a decoupled control method. This control technique allows for the decoupling of the coupling effect or the dependence of the d and q currents on one another, which improves system performance under unusual and abnormal conditions. By using the pulse generator of voltage source converters, the inner current control loop and the outer voltage control loop are intended to produce the necessary reference voltages. Simulation results are presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK to check efficacy of proposed six phase STATCOM.

Read more

Context-Aware Offloading for IoT Application using Fog-Cloud Computing

It is difficult to run delay-sensitive applications and the cloud simultaneously due to performance metrics such as latency, energy consumption, bandwidth, and response time exceeding threshold levels. This is the case even though advanced networks and technologies are being used. The middleware layer of the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture appears to be a promising solution that could be used to deal with these issues while still meeting the need for high task offloading criterion. The research that is being proposed recommends implementing Fog Computing (FC) as smart gateway in middleware so that it can provide services the edge of the networks. Applications that are sensitive to delays would then be able to be provided in an efficient manner as a result of this.

Read more

Design and Characterization of a Novel FinFET based NCL Cell Library for High Performance Asynchronous Circuits

In recent times, synchronous circuits are facing design related issues like clock skew, glitch power, EMI, leakage power, etc. The clock-less design paradigm – Asynchronous design challenges most of these issues and accepted as a better alternative to clocked circuits. QDI based Null Convention Logic (NCL) is such a clock-less design concept. However, NCL designs couldn’t get wide spread acceptance due to unavailability of commercial CAD tools and design compatible NCL standard cell library. The proposed research work in this paper demonstrates design and characterization of FinFET based NCL cell library to facilitate QDI based asynchronous circuit design

Read more

Modelling and Simulation of MPPT Based Solar Photovoltaic System for Voltage Lift LUO Converter

Several maximum PowerPoint tracking techniques have been proposed to achieve optimal matching between solar photovoltaic arrays to load for extracting maximum available power from photovoltaic source. These techniques differ in terms of tracking speed, complexity, cost, accuracy of tracking, number of sensors used etc., This article proposes an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy-Inference System (ANFIS) based maximum PowerPoint tracking for positive-output voltage lift LUO converter based on solar (PV)system for resistant load application. Performance analysis of proposed (MPPT) technique has been evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment for four different cases of input radiation and temperature patterns

Read more

ANN-SOGI-based Shunt Active Power Filter for Harmonic Mitigation

In this paper introduces a PV based generation system interlinked with shunt active power filter (SAPF) to provide the effective reactive power compensation and mitigation of harmonics. The SAPF is comprised of a photovoltaic generation system, DC link capacitor and voltage source inverter (VSI). The current harmonics caused by nonlinear loads can be greatly reduced with the help of active power filter. To generate the reference current and the regulation of SAPF, the artificial neural network is proposed. The Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller is engaged to calculate the reference source current for SAPF. ANN additionally boasts great compatibility for digital implementation, control performance, and lightning-fast dynamic reaction.

Read more

Evaluation of IIOT based Pd-MaaS using CNN with Ensemble Subspace Discriminate – for Indian Ship Building in Maritime Industry

Indian shipbuilding has a long history in the maritime industry dating back to the origin of civilization. India's shipbuilding sector is primarily concentrated in its coastal regions. Due to capacity constraints and decreased shipbuilding prices in emerging nations, shipbuilding activities has changed. This has created fresh opportunities for the Indian shipbuilding industry. The prospects for the Indian shipbuilding sector are improved by rising global trade and strong need for modern boats. This study investigates the use of Predictive Maintenance as a Service on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT-PdMaaS). Artificial intelligence (AI) in the maritime industry has numerous major benefits, including improved decision-making analysis, automation, security, route planning, and increased efficiency.

Read more

Array Design Using Genetic Algorithm for the Generation of Sum and Difference Patterns

In the field of pattern synthesis, the design of arrays to synthesis optimized sum and difference patterns in a successive manner is an important problem in most of the radars. Although several researchers published many papers in the open literature, investigations are made by the authors to design arrays of discrete radiators using a well-formulated Genetic Algorithm (GA). The practical constraints are taken into account to design an amplitude distribution to produce the sum pattern with desired side lobe levels without broadening the main beam. Such sum patterns are found to be very useful in high-resolution radars where the EMI problems are also addressed.

Read more

Fuzzy and PSO tuned PI controller based SAPF for Harmonic Mitigations

The development of a reliable power filter is essential for meeting the need for high-quality power. Current and voltage harmonics are a major contributor to poor power quality and must be eliminated. Shunt active power filters (SAPFs) can be installed to reduce the negative effects of harmonics. Fuzzy logic and proportional integral (PI) controllers excel at regulating DC link voltage in shunt active power filters (SAPFs). This research assessed how well Particle Swarm Optimization controls the DC link voltage in a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF), thereby mitigating harmonics. The appropriate PI control parameters are first determined using the Particle Swarm Optimization technique. The PSO-tuned PI parameters are combined with a fuzzy logic controller for the SAPF simulation.

Read more

A Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO System using Antenna Selection Algorithms

A large number of transmitting components makes Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) one of the most hopeful solution for the 5G technology. However, a large antenna system boosts the hardware intricacy and cost of the system because of RF transceivers used at the base station for every antenna element. Hence, antenna selection is one of the most effective schemes to select a good subset of antennas with the finest channel circumstances and contribute maximum to the channel capacity. This paper presents Branch and Bound (BAB) algorithm for efficient antenna selection in Massive MIMO technology.

Read more

Simulation of Solar Based Smart Grid System Using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Controller

To promote the economy and reliability of the energy trading systems, the use of interconnected smart grids is encouraging. A distributed energy management plan for the interconnected operation of the smart grid that maximizes the resident intake of renewable energy is required during operation. On the client side, possibilities and actions are being discussed in the research papers to incorporate the renewable energy sources. In this paper, the use of Artificial Intelligent Techniques to manage energy or power supply to meet the electricity demand of customers is illustrated. Simulation has been done using wind and solar power supply to manage the load demand for the client side in a smart grid system.

Read more

Inductance Estimation of PMSM Using Extended Kalman Filter

Estimation of parameters of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) plays an important role for motor controller tuning in Electric Vehicle (EV) application. Under running condition motor parameters vary due to different effects such as temperature, saturation and Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) non-linearities. Identification of parameters in running condition increases the control performance of system. This paper uses Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which allows estimation of d-q axis inductances of PMSM. The control algorithm considered here is Field Oriented Control (FOC) for EV system having position sensor. The simulation is performed using MATLAB- Simulink software.

Read more

Staying Ahead of Threats: A Review of AI and Cyber Security in Power Generation and Distribution

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the power generation and distribution industry presents opportunities and challenges, particularly in the area of cybersecurity. Previous studies have explored the potential of AI to enhance cybersecurity in power systems, but limitations in terms of sample size and scope have hindered a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the field. To address this gap, this paper presents a systematic literature review of 30 papers that analyzes and categorizes relevant research based on their focus on threats, solutions, and future trends. The results indicate that 30 articles provide evidence supporting the use of AI and machine learning techniques to significantly enhance cybersecurity in the power sector.

Read more

Power Quality Analysis of Fuzzy DVR based Hybrid Solar PV-PEMFC System Under Severe Disturbance

Hybrid Energy System (HES) is becoming popular as it is identified as the most safe, sustainable, and long-term option for energy management. The grid-connected power network is vulnerable to frequent interruptions, which can lead to instability and a huge blackout. Furthermore, the presence of switching devices in industrial and domestic applications causes disturbances such as voltage swell/sag, waveform distortion, interruptions, impulsive voltage, and so on. Dynamic voltage restorer, known as a modern power compensating device, is cost effective, compact in size and can handle more energy capacity than DTSATCOM and UPFC.

Read more

A Dual Notch Band UWB Antenna for Local Area Cognitive Radio Network Applications

Over the years, Cognitive radio technology has dramatically influenced wireless systems in which antenna plays a significant role for interviewing spectrum sensing and underlay operations. An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with extended dual notch band feature is proposed in this work to meet the requirements of cognitive radios without interference from the crowded spectrum. The proposed antenna consists of stair-stepped rectangular patch with circular cut off the patch at the lower edges to which a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and a Patch Stub are loaded to achieve notch bands

Read more

Effect of Test Cable Termination on Frequency Response of Transformer Winding

Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) method is the most powerful tool to predict the condition of transformer winding. The reliable measurement of frequency response is equally important as its interpretation. A few standards (IEEE std. C57.149-2012, IEC 60076, the Chinese Electrical Power Industry Standard ICS27.100.F24-2005) & much research work have been published, stating dos & don’ts while measuring the frequency response of transformer winding. In this paper, an attempt is made to introduce an additional factor affecting frequency response, while doing measurements

Read more

A Novel Spider Monkey Optimized Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm (SMOFCM) for Energy-Based Cluster-Head Selection in WSNs

AI is getting increasingly complex as a result of its widespread deployment, making energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems a highly difficult problem to solve. In energy-constrained networks, cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols are a very efficient technique for transferring data between nodes. In this paper, a novel Spider Monkey Optimized Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm (SMOFCM) is proposed to improve the lifetime of the network and less energy consumption. The proposed SMOFCM technique makes use of the Fuzzy C-means clustering framework to build up the cluster formation, and the Spider Monkey Optimization technique to select the Cluster Head (CH)

Read more

Design and Assessment of Bio-Inspired Antennas for Mobile Communication Systems

RF front-end system in the mobile communication system consists of an antenna, filter, and amplifier section. Now a day, there is a need to reduce the size of this RF front-end system. Here the challenge is the reduction in the size of the RF front end without degrading the performance. One way to reduce the size is by reducing the size or area of the antenna. This work proposes and simulates three Bio-inspired microstrip (BIMS) antenna designs. They are flower, Butterfly, and leaf shapes presented based on the perturbation method, Gielis super formula, and modified polar transformation models, respectively. These BIMS antennas were printed on fiberglass laminate (FR4) as substrate with a dielectric constant of εr = 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02.

Read more

Design and Analysis of ANFIS Controller for High Accuracy Magnetic Levitation (ML) System

Magnetic Levitation (ML) System is a significant particular research center model for the planning and examination of criticism control frameworks. Due to the usual sensitivity of mass, a solid choppiness powers here between magnets, and also due to the effects of commotion spilling out of the sensor and information channels, the superiority of attractive lift frameworks is dangerous. Thereafter, the design of a control framework for height is a complex issue that must be considered when developing models that are not 100% exact. Elite is the goal, all else being equal, of being better, faster, or much more productive over others.

Read more

Grid-Tied Solar Power Sharing with V2G and G2V Power Exchange with Dual Bridge Integrated Electrical Vehicle

An increasing demand of electrical vehicle technology, renewable power is recommended for the charging of vehicle batteries. The proposed electric vehicle battery charging module has the capability of exchanging power between the grid and the vehicle. For this exchange of power, a DAFB circuit is integrated between the battery and the grid. The grid is induced with a solar-powered plant with multiple PV panels generating high power.This renewable power is either utilized by DAFB charging circuit or injected into the grid

Read more

PV Integrated UPQC with Intelligent Control Techniques for Power Quality Enhancement

The configuration and control of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) coupled with Photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed in this work. By integrating PV to UPQC, the twin advantages of decarbonized clean energy generation in addition to enhanced Power Quality (PQ) is obtained. The series and shunt compensators, which together constitute the UPQC are sequentially interfaced to the common dc-link. In addition to infusing active PV generated power, the UPQC shunt compensator diminishes the load side power quality concerns. The role of a series compensator is to ensure that both the load and source voltages are in-phase perfectly.

Read more

Boundary-Based Hybrid Control Algorithm for Switched Boost Converter Operating in CCM and DCM

It is essential to have enhanced efficiency for the DC-DC converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This requires a hybrid controller designed using pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM) schemes. This paper fixates on a boundary-based hybrid control algorithm for the second-order DC-DC converter - the switched boost converter. The proposed algorithm works in PWM control scheme for CCM operation, whereas DCM operation uses PFM control scheme. The boundary conditions are defined by the load current, output voltage, and switching frequency.

Read more

Communication Latency and Power Consumption Consequence in Multi-Core Architectures and Improvement Methods

The present electronics world has a lot of dependency on processing devices in the current and future developments. Even non-electronic industries have much data to process and are indirectly dependent on processors. The larger the number of processors incorporated into the architecture, will lower the data handling and processing time; thus, efficiency improves. Hence multi-core processors have become a regular part of the design of processing elements in the electronic industry. The large number of processors incorporated into the system architecture results in difficulty in communicating among them without a deadlock or live lock

Read more

Multiplication free Fast-Adaptive Binary Range Coder using ISW

Data compression is defined as the process of encoding, converting and modifying the bits-structures of data in such a way that reduces less-spaces on the disk. Fast-ABRC, a new context ABRC for compressing the image and video. This paper introduces novel hardware F-ABRC (Fast-adaptive binary range coder) and architecture of VLSI, as it doesn’t have requirement of LUTs (Look-up-Tables) and also it is completely multiplication free. To get the result, we will combine the utilization of simple operation to compute the approximation after encoding every single symbol and the PE (probability estimation) on the basis of ISW (Imaginary Sliding Window) with approximation of the multiplication.

Read more