IJEER Vol no. 13, Issue 1


Enhanced Performance of E-STATCOM Using Fuzzy Logic Controller for Grid-Connected Wind Systems Under Dynamic Fault Conditions

This Paper introduces an advanced approach to enhancing the efficiency of grid-connected wind cogeneration systems by replacing conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers with fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) for the Voltage Source Converter (VSC). Integrating renewable energy sources into power grids poses several challenges, particularly in maintaining the stability of the electrical distribution network (EDN). To address these issues, this work employs points of common coupling (CCP) and two-level converters with Dual Active Bridge (DAB) technology to integrate storage modules effectively.

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Design and Implementation of Direct Torque Control of IPMSM Drive using Three-Level Inverter and FPGA for Electric Vehicle

This study introduces the design and implementation for Direct Torque Control (DTC) of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) with Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) configuration inverter for Electrical Vehicle (EV). In contrast to conventional DTC, a new DTC algorithm of drive system is proposed that endowed unified torque/flux responses with precise control levels of multiple voltage vectors. The proposed drive unified inverter states for obtaining faster dynamic torque. Consequently, the DTC scheme inspected with suppresses steady state torque ripples. The main design features of the IPMSM drive are self-regulated flux and hardware implementation for EV.

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Binary Gravitational Search Based Algorithm for Optimal DG and Capacitor Allocation Along with Network Reconfiguration in Radial Distribution Systems

The Binary Gravitational Search Algorithm (BGSA) is a multi-purpose optimization technique presented in this research that may be used to identify the best capacity, position DG modules and capacitor groups, and reconfigure networks in distribution systems. The objective function has six performance indices: section load ability, voltage deviation, voltage stability index, dynamic and sensitive losses, and balancing current index. The optimization problem's objective function takes into account both the relevance of each indication and its combination.

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Hybrid Design of Phase Frequency Detector Applied in Phase Locked Loop to Eliminate Dead and Blind Zones

This paper presents a hybrid design and simulation of a Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) which eliminates the effects of the blind and the dead zones for a charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP_PLL). These parameters limit the detection range of the PLL since they occur at zero and 2π phase differences respectively. Two XOR gates have been added to the conventional D-Flip-flop PFD to eliminate both parameters simultaneously. The proposed system has been simulated using Multisim 14.3 and tested using a 10 MHz input frequency. The simulation results show the system is free of dead and blind zones.

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Transfer Efficiency Enhancement using Double Negative Metamaterial in Wireless Power Transfer System

Recently, there have been a lot of inventions and development in the field of wireless power transfer (WPT), which has increased the need for WPT systems with high power transfer efficiency (PTE) and longer transmission distances for end users. However, several of the presently accessible WPT systems exhibit restricted PTE and transmission range as a result of their utilization of inductive coupling. In addition, the PTE experiences a significant decline as the separation between the transmitter and receiver coils grows while employing this methodology. Hence, this study presents a proposal for the design of inductive WPT using metamaterials (MTMs) to improve PTE through the manipulation of magnetic field refraction.

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Modelling and Simulation of Multi-Level Inverters Utilizing Alternate Phase Disposition (APOD) PWM Modulation in MATLAB/Simulink

In recent times, the growing demand for enhanced industrial applications and the rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) have led to a requirement for higher power equipment. Certain applications, such as medium voltage motor drives and utility systems, now demand the utilization of medium voltage and megawatt drivers. To address these needs, the concept of multi-level inverter topologies has been introduced, particularly for medium and high-power applications. The evolution of multilevel converters, starting with three levels to achieve elevated power levels, has given rise to various topologies.

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Investigation of Discontinuous PWM Schemes for Power Loss Minimization in SiC Three-Phase Inverter

SiC inverters are considered highly attractive in power electronic applications such as electric vehicles, industrial motor drives, and photovoltaic (PV) systems. These SiC-based inverters present greater thermal conductivity, enabling operation at higher temperatures, frequencies, and voltages with reduced losses. This study utilizes the PLECS platform to analyze and simulate power losses in SiC inverter under two decided assumptions.

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Impact on Breakdown Voltage for AlGaN Channel E-HEMT Device used with the DC Boost Converter Circuit

In this paper, the impact on breakdown performance is demonstrated by the coupled operation of the E-mode AlGaN Channel HEMT for DC Boost Converter Circuit. CAD optimization of individual devices on the process and E-mode HEMT device level affects the circuit performance DC Boost Converter Circuit. The field plate length of Fp=2.7 µm results in the steady current at the voltage of VBV=790 V, whereas the field plate length of 3.6 µm results breakdown voltage of more than 1k volts. Circuit voltages at various nodes, Current in HEMT and SBD for switching cycle, and also the power dissipation is evaluated for two various doping concentrations 3E15(/cm3) and 9E15(/cm3).

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A Tiered Control Strategy for Energy Management in PEMFC Hybrid Systems for Distributed Power and Vehicle Applications

This paper presents an optimized energy configuration using a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary power source, paired with a battery and supercapacitor for storage. This hybrid system, designed for modern distributed generation and next-gen fuel cell vehicles, achieves energy balance through DC bus voltage regulation. The supercapacitor, with high power density and fast response, stabilizes the DC bus voltage, while the battery, valued for its high energy density, continually recharges the supercapacitor. The fuel cell, with a slower response, ensures the battery remains charged.

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Design and Analysis of a Transformer-Integrated Multilevel Inverters for Solar Energy Systems

This work presents the design and implementation of a transformer-integrated multilevel inverter for photovoltaic (PV) power applications. The proposed topology combines the benefits of multilevel inverters and transformer integration to enhance efficiency, reliability, and power quality in PV systems. Traditional multilevel inverters often encounter issues such as complex control schemes, high component count, and significant harmonic distortion. This innovative design addresses these challenges by incorporating a transformer, which simplifies the control strategy and provides galvanic isolation, improving system safety and grid compatibility. The system uses a PV array as the input supply, directly generating DC power, which is then converted to AC through the multilevel inverter

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PI Backstepping Control of a Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Backstepping control is a systematic technique for stabilizing nonlinear systems, particularly Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), by addressing their coupled electrical and mechanical dynamics. This Lyapunov-based approach allows for the design of control laws in a step-by-step manner, enhancing stability and performance under uncertainties. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the PI Backstepping (PI-BS) Controller for speed regulation of PMSMs, showing significant improvements in dynamic performance, stability, and disturbance rejection compared to the Gain-Scheduled PI (GSPI) Controller. The control design focuses on rotor speed regulation through q-axis current, ensuring global asymptotic stability via Lyapunov criteria.

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Deep Learning-Driven Behavioral Analysis for Real-Time Threat Detection and Classification in Network Traffic

With the evolution of digital spaces, cyber threats now evolve to more complex forms, requiring innovative solutions for real-time intrusion detection and classification for network traffic. Cybersecurity is also critical for building resilient infrastructure, which is one of the goals of the United Nations, which emphasizes secure and sustainable digital ecosystems. This research proposes a framework powered by deep learning that employs an enhanced fully connected neural network (EFNN) to analyze behavior and detect threats. The proposed algorithm, Enhanced Fully Connected Neural Network-Based Threat Detection (EFNN-TD), fuses advanced data preprocessing with FCBF-based feature selection and SMOTE-based handling of class imbalance.

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Advanced Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Fault Distance Prediction in Optical Fibres

It is necessary to estimate the value of distances to faults in the optical fibres for proper functioning and fault diagnosis of the fibre optic systems. This research proposes a comparison of result outcomes within numerous categories of machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, LightGBM, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) on a new and emerging Fibre Optic Fault Distance Dataset. Given dataset contains sequenced OTDR signatures corresponding to different types as well as positions of the faults. The data then went through data pre-processing and was separated into training and test sets where models were trained from 80% of the data and tested on 20%.

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A Switched Capacitor – Inductor High Gain DC-DC Converter for Solar PV Applications

A new switched capacitor-inductor high-voltage gain DC-DC boost converter is presented in this work. A switched-inductor cell is used at input side of the suggested converter to lessen input current source ripples, which is a crucial issue in PV systems for high-reliability applications. To further increase voltage-gain and reduced voltage stress across the converter's power switches, a switched-capacitor cell is employed at the output side of the converter. This is a critical component in applications like to extended lifespan of the PV panel and other suggested converter parts, especially semiconductor devices. To validate the efficacy of the presented DC-DC converter, extensive simulations are conducted by using PSIM simulation tools.

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A Novel Performance Probability Model for Capacity Assessment of Communication Channels in 5G Wireless Mobile Networks

Capacity assessment of communication channels in 5G wireless mobile networks is essential for optimizing wireless networks for data-intensive applications. Capacity assessment can help determine optimal channel conditions by considering the effects of various physical characteristics such as noise, interference, spectrum limitation, and subscriber density. Additionally, capacity assessment can help identify and characterize the critical technical challenges likely to limit the performance of a wireless network and identify areas for improvement. The novel Performance Probability Model (PPM) for capacity assessment of communication channels in 5G wireless mobile networks is a powerful tool for accurately predicting the future performance of 5G networks. It considers various performance factors such as interference levels, data rates, transmission range, and available spectrum.

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Enhancing Solar Energy Efficiency Integrating Neural Networks with Maximum Power Point Tracking Systems

This paper investigates the integration of artificial neural networks (ANN) into Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) systems to enhance the efficiency and performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Conventional MPPT controllers, such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance, often face challenges in maintaining optimal efficiency under rapidly changing environmental conditions. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative approach leveraging the adaptive learning capabilities of ANN. Extensive datasets, including solar irradiance, temperature, and power output under various conditions, were collected to design and train the ANN model. The ANN architecture features a multilayer structure with advanced activation functions, enabling effective handling of the nonlinear behavior of solar PV systems.

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Ultra-High Photosensitivity of Nb₂O₅/Ge Prepared via Direct Current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Technique

The primary objective of this research is to fabricate and evaluate Nb₂O₅ thin films prepared via DC (direct current) reactive magnetron sputtering at target powers of 25 W, 50 W, and 75 W, deposited on quartz substrates and Ge wafers. The structural and morphological characteristics of the fabricated Nb₂O₅ thin films were analyzed using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), while their electrical and optical properties were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and I-V (current-voltage) tests. XRD results confirmed a natural polycrystalline structure with a hexagonal lattice, while FE-SEM imaging revealed uniform deposition and strong dependence of nanostructure size and configuration on deposition parameters. EDS (Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis showed an increase in Nb content with higher sputtering power.

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Precise Models for Power Loss Analysis in a 15-level Asymmetric Reduced Switch Inverter

In the examination of power converters, power losses are the most important metrics, and since they are approximated well enough, they have a considerable influence on both economic and technical evaluations. In comparison to high-switching frequency modulation, the purpose of this article is to demonstrate that switching and conduction losses, which are both types of power losses, are much lower in low-frequency switching modulation. Phase Disposition (PD), a pulse width modulation (PWM) method that is based on high-frequency multi-carriers, and Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM), which operates at a fundamental switching frequency, are the two switching modulation techniques that will be utilized in this investigation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the power losses that occur in an asymmetric multi-level energy converter that has fifteen levels of reduced switches. To determine the switching losses that occur in multi-level inverters, a MATLAB Simulink model has been constructed. The PLECS software was used to construct the thermal model of the recommended inverter, which would further facilitate in-depth research. A comparison of the switching losses and conduction losses of the proposed inverter system is carried out by this study via the use of the PLECS thermal model and MATLAB simulation.

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Smart Meter Utilizing Fuzzy Logic and IoT

Smart systems are utilized for home applications to enhance the protection reliability and cost economy. The main challenges of a smart system are time process, decision reliability, fault classification, and the ability to connect with the Internet of Things (IoT). In this proposal, a smart system power meter will be designed using artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT. The fuzzy logic with the microcontroller and the internet application are system parameters. Results show that the cost and fault of the power are successfully classified and discovered via fuzzy logic to notify the customer about the situations of home power. The system manages the home power cost and protects the home’s devices from damage.

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Simulation and Modeling of Position Control for an X-Configuration Quadcopter Using PID Controller

Quadcopters are gaining popularity in UAV platforms within the control community because of their intricate dynamics and significant potential in outside applications, owing to their advantages over conventional aerial vehicles. This work introduces the mathematical modeling of a basic quadcopter using an X-configuration and simulates its target position using MATLAB. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is designed for controlling the position and stabilizing the attitude of the quadcopter. The quadcopter's underactuated nature allows this PID controller to maneuver the vehicle in three dimensions and adjust the yaw angle to the required values while stabilizing the pitch and roll angles. T

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Implementation of Pass Transistor Logic and C2MOS Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) Circuit using FPGA and PSpice

In this paper, a 4-bit Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is implemented based on a well-designed architecture combining using Pass-Transistor (PT) and Clock Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (C2MOS) logic techniques. The D-flip flop registers and the XOR gates are the main parts of the propose LFSR. Number of transistors along with the speed of LFSR were positively enhanced since the exploited logic design techniques tends to blend the flavor of NMOS and PMOS devices. The PSpice and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based on Hardware Description Language (HDL) are the two different LFSR implementation environments. It has been observed that LFSR performance was effectively improved in terms of size and speed. Therefore, paper’s main aim refers to decreasing in number of transistors as well as speeding up LFSR circuit. A minimum clock time of 5ns was recorded under clearly correct LFSR output patterns.

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Enhanced Luo Converter for Low Component Stress in DC-DC Power Conversion for Fuel Cell Powered BLDC Motor Drive

Fuel cell powered BLDC motor drive for electric vehicle is the cleaner energy conversion solution with higher efficiency. DC-DC power conversion in this drive plays a significant role in adoptability, efficiency and reliability of the overall drive. This paper presents an enhanced Luo converter for increased voltage gain with additional multiplier stage and reduced capacitor voltage stress owing to reduced clamping voltage. T

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Implementation of DC-DC Boost & Luo Converters for Photovoltaic Applications

Renewables are eco-friendly, of them solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are growing in popularity as a means to directly transform solar radiation into electricity. Installing a PV array is simple, and the ongoing decline in the price of PV modules provides a support as renewable energy source. As the globe continues to deplete its fossil fuel reserves, discussions about alternative, renewable energy sources are heating up. Due to its quiet operation, low maintenance requirements, and lack of emissions, the photovoltaic (PV) power system is quickly rising to the top of the renewable energy industry.

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